English Philosophers
17th and 18th century philosophical movement that impacted the entire Western World
What is the Enlightenment?
Things specifically stated in the first 5 articles of the Constitution
What are expressed powers?
When more power is given to the states than the national government
What are state's rights?
The original (first) capitol of the United States where the Annapolis Convention was held
What is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
To pass or approve something
What is ratification?
The two English philosophers who focused on state of nature, purpose of government, and how the government should represent its people
Who is John Locke and Thomas Hobbes?
Powers assumed by Congress that comes from the necessary and proper clause
What are implied powers?
The name of the group of people who approved the Articles of Confederation in 1781
Who is the Continental Congress?
The convention that was held before the Constitutional Convention
What is the Annapolis Convention?
The group who fought to ratify the Constitution led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
Who were the Federalists?
The way in which people agree to leave the state of nature and enter into a governed society
What is social contract theory?
Powers in the field of foreign affairs
What are inherent powers?
Law passed by Congress to deal with Western lands
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
Named the Father of the Constitution by his colleagues
Who is James Madison?
The group who opposed ratifying the Constitution led by Patrick Henry and George Mason
Who were the Anti-Federalists?
The philosophy that all humans are born with a 'blank slate' and that our experiences shape who we become
What is Tabula Rasa?
Court case that arose from a dispute over a monopoly that extended the definition of interstate commerce and cemented the power of the federal government over the states laws when conflicted
What is Gibbons vs. Ogden?
Lead a rebellion of in-debt farmers in Massachusetts
Who is Daniel Shay?
The plan favored by big states that idealized a 3 branch government, bicameral legislature, where the House of Reps. was based on population and the Representatives elect senators, executive, and judges
What is the Virginia Plan?
Dealt with the problem of factions and how to limit their impact
What is Federalist 10?
The first person to talk about checks and balances
Baron De Montesquieu
A requirement imposed by the federal government as a condition to receive federal funds
What is a federal mandate?
When power is in one place or with one person. Strong
What is a centralized government?
Plan favored by smaller states that idealized 3 branches, a unicameral Congress, where Congress would have limited powers, and where the federal executive would be selected by Congress
What is the New Jersey Plan?
Dealt with separation of powers and checks & balances and explains how these help save people's liberties
What is Federalist 51?