Features of a State & Origins of a State
States must have people.
Population
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both agreed that this existed prior to governments.
"State of Nature"
States needed 9 out of 13 states to pass a law, which was rare. And, even if they did, these laws were essentially meaningless because...
...states did not have to obey the laws.
In their private setting in Philadelphia, the delegates of the Constitutional Convention quickly abandoned this government in order to form a new one.
The Articles of Confederation.
Melancton Smith was afraid this group would control Congress if representation was too small.
Rich, Wealthy
A state has supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries.
Sovereignty
According to Hobbes, the state of nature is this.
war, everyone against everyone, nasty, brutish, poor, short
This power to raise money by the national government from the states was forbidden under the Articles.
levy (raise, collect) taxes, tax the states, taxes
These essays, written mostly by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, provided support to ratify, or approve, the Constitution in all the states.
Federalist Papers
He saw large representative democracies as potentially being ruled by tyrannical mobs, as in ancient Greece.
Alexander Hamilton
Certain people are chosen by God to rule.
Divine Right
Locke describes the right to "life, liberty, and property (estate)" as these types of rights.
inalienable, God-given, born with rights
Shays' supporters, western Massachusetts farmers and shopkeepers, saw this as a problem that led to Shays' Rebellion.
debtors prison, high taxes, economic depression following war, foreclosure, property seized, restrictive laws (Riot Act), mercenary army, etc.
The number of houses and the type of representation for legislative branch under the Virginia Plan.
2 (Upper and Lower Houses), Proportional representation (based on population size)
This group would most likely be supported by small farmers, shopkeepers, laborers.
Anti-Federalists
The strongest leaders used the threat of violence to control their people.
Force Theory
This philosopher's social contract states that protection and order is valued over individual rights.
Thomas Hobbes
If Shays' men had taken over this building, they would have been better armed than the state.
Springfield Armory
The Connecticut (Great) Compromise changed this part of the legislative branch of the Virginia Plan.
The Upper House (Senate) had equal representation, 2 senators from each state.
This group saw themselves and those of their class as most fit to govern.
Federalists
This origin of a state is the basis for the United States
Social Contract Theory
This philosopher's social contract said that if government does not protect your rights, alter the government.
John Locke
One achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation.
peace treaty with Great Britain, process settling lands west, established Departments of Foreign Affairs, War, Treasury.
The three-fifths compromise between Northern and Southern states counted 3/5 of all slaves for these two purposes.
Taxation and Representation (The south wanted slaves only to be counted for representation. The north, only for taxation. Three-fifths of all slaves for both was the compromise.)
This addition to the Constitution appeased (satisfied) many Anti-Federalists opposition to the Constitution and helped lead to its ratification (approval). Hint: not part of yesterday's lesson.
Bill of Rights