Enlightenment Thinkers
Who believed government was a “leviathan” needed to impose order?
Hobbes
What type of government did the Articles create?
Confederation
What compromise created a bicameral legislature?
Great Compromise
Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
Hamilton, Madison, Jay
What principle says power rests with the people?
Popular Sovereignty
Which thinker argued for natural rights: life, liberty, property?
Locke
Name one success of the Articles of Confederation:
Peace treaty with Britain, Banned slavery in Western Territories
What is the “supreme law of the land”?
The Constitution
Which group wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
Which principle divides power between branches of government?
Separation of Powers
Whose idea of the “general will” influenced American democracy?
Rousseau
Why was it difficult to pass new laws under the Articles?
Needed 9/13 states
Which branch enforces laws?
Executive
Why did Federalists argue a Bill of Rights was unnecessary?
State constitutions already had them; risk of leaving rights out
What principle ensures officials must obey the law?
Rule of Law
Which Enlightenment ideas are reflected in the Declaration of Independence?
Locke’s natural rights, popular sovereignty
What event highlighted the Articles’ weakness?
Shays’ Rebellion
Which article describes the amendment process?
Article V
Which clauses worried the Anti-Federalists?
Necessary and Proper, Supremacy
Give an example of checks and balances.
Impeachment, veto, judicial review
Compare Locke and Rousseau on the social contract.
Locke believed that people consented to a government to protect their natural rights, and when the government failed, they had a right to replace that government.
Rousseau believed in a social contract between people, not people-to-ruler. People gave up rights to the community expressed as the "collective will".
List two reasons the Articles ultimately failed
Government could not create taxes or a military. Each state had its own currency and foreign policy.
Name two compromises from the Constitutional Convention
3/5, Electoral College, Great (Connecticut) Compromise
How did the ratification debate lead to America’s first political parties?
Explain how the Constitution reflects the principle of limited government.
The Government can only do what is specifically written in the Constitution. All other powers are reserved for the States, and therefore, the people.