The life a student
Invasion of the body by disease-causing microorganisms
Infection
Catheter associated urinary track infection
Type of hospital acquired infection
Surgical mask, googles, and single room
Droplet precautions
contact precautions
MRSA, C diff, drug-resistant organisms, RSV, lice, scabies, HIV, herpes, hepatitis C, Infected surgical wound, Norovirus (Diarrhea)
Airborne precautions (MTVC)
M-Measles
T- tuberculosis (TB)- contagious disease caused by a bacterial infection.
V- varicella
C- Covid 19
The ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host
Virulence
Most pathogens flourish in.........
Warm, moist, and dark environments.
Neutropenic precautions
immunocompromised, strict hand washing, private room, no raw veggies/fruits, daily baths, visitors are restricted
Illness
Stage where signs and symptoms of infection are present
Pathogen
Microorganism capable of causing disease including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and prions
Acquired from health care professionals to patients. C Diff very common.
Risk Factor
- Burn patients
- Patients on NG tubes
- Patients with Foley Catheters
Nocosomial Infections
Live in the intestines.
Aid in digestion.
Synthesize vitamin K.
Release vitamin B 12 thiamine, biotin, niacin, and riboflavin
Normal Flora
Manifestation of infection
Physical assessment, general appearance, Skin, Lymph nodes, temp, Pulse.
Normal microbes picked up by contact and removable by handwashing
TRANSIENT FLORA
Normal microbes residing deep in skin layers, harmless unless entering deep tissues. Permanent inhabitants of the skin and cannot be washed away.
Resident flora
Prodromal
Onset of vague symptoms before full illness, not present in all diseases
The goal of infection prevention and control for nurses is to:
Protect patients from infection.
Meet professional standards and guidelines.
Protect others and yourself from diseases.
Reduce the severity of illness and complications resulting from infection.
Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergens, such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.
acquired immunity
exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact, or sexual intercourse.
direct contact
Involves contact with a fomite, a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen.
indirect contact
Bloodstream infections caused by the entry of infectious microorganisms into the bloodstream through a central line.
central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
Droplet precautions? (P.I.M.P)
P- pertusis
I-influenza
M-Meningitis
P- pneumonia
Restricts entry or immediately responds to a foreign organism through the activation of phagocytic cells, complement, and inflammation
Native immunity
Chain of Infection
Infectious Agent
Portal of exit- Route for pathogens to leave the reservoir, such as bodily fluids, coughing, sneezing, or seeping wounds, blood, mucus, and saliva.
Reservoir- Source where pathogens survive and multiply. The human body is the most common reservoir for pathogens.
Portal of entry- Point where pathogens can enter the body, including eyes, nares, mouth, cuts, and surgical sites, bite from vector.
Mode of transmission- Method by which a pathogen is transferred, including direct, indirect, droplet, and airborne
Susceptible host- Person at risk for infection due to inadequate defenses
Four determining factors of susceptible host
1. Virulence of organism (its power to cause disease)
2. Organisms ability to survive in the host's environment
3. Number of organisms (the greater the number the more likely they are to cause disease)
4. Host's defenses