Engel v. Vitale (1962)
This case banned official school-sponsored versions of this activity.
What is prayer?
The Court ruled defendants in state courts must be provided this if they cannot afford one.
What is a lawyer (an attorney)?
Students in this case wore black armbands to protest this war.
What is the Vietnam War?
The Court ruled the government could not stop publication, protecting this freedom.
What is freedom of the press?
This case involved members of this religious group.
Who are the Amish?
Engel v. Vitale was based on this clause of the First Amendment.
What is the Establishment Clause?
Clarence Gideon was originally convicted for breaking into this type of business.
What is a pool hall?
Schools may only limit student speech if it does this.
What is causes a material and substantial disruption?
The ruling created a “heavy presumption against” this government action.
What is prior restraint (censorship before publication)?
The Court said requiring Amish children to attend school past 8th grade violated this clause.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?