History
True or false: Human volunteers were infected with F. Tularensis for research purposes
True
What type of gram is F. Tularensis?
Gram negative
What type of secretion system is used by F. tularensis to secrete IgLI?
Type 6
True or false: It is common for F. Tularensis to spread from human to human.
False
What continent is Type A F. Tularensis primarily found in?
North America
What state has not had a case of F. Tularensis?
Hawaii
What subclade of Type A F. tularensis is found in the western US?
A2
What are the two enzymes F. tularensis produces to combat ROS?
Catalase and Superoxide dismutase
How many FDA-approved vaccines for F. tularensis are there?
None
True or False: F. Tularensis is primary found in urban areas
False
What was the name of the operation in which F. Tularensis was dumped in a spruce forest in Alaska?
Operation Red Cloud
What type of agar would one typically use to culture F. tularensis?
nutrient-rich, cysteine blood agar
What structure does F. tularensis prevent the formation of in defense against ROS?
NADPH Oxidase
What is one antibiotic used to treat F. tularensis?
Streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or chloramphenicol
What receptor can F. tularensis use to enter the macrophage without complement or antibody attachment?
Mannose Receptor
Who first discovered the bacterium of tularensis in 1910?
George McCoy
What is the name of the unofficial 4th subspecies?
F. Novicida
Why does F. tularensis not create a strong reaction with TLR4?
It’s LPS only has 4 acyl groups and 6 acyl groups are required for a strong
reaction
What is the lowest number of organisms required to infect someone?
10 organisms
What is one of the defenses F. tularensis uses against antibodies?
Bound plasmin or hiding in macrophages
How many organisms of F. Tularensis infected 4 boys in 1958?
14-18
What is the subspecies most associated with virulence? (Name – beyond just type)
Schu S4
Compared to complement opsonization, what is unique about antibody opsonization of F. tularensis?
Inflammation actually happens (cytokines released)
What strain of F. tularensis was used in the LVS vaccine?
Type B (Holarctica)
What is one of the two defenses F. tularensis uses against the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
Binding Factor H or Membrane bound proteases that cleave C8/C9