Philosophers
Which philosopher(s) believed in compatibilism/soft determinism
Thomas Hobbes and the Stoics
What are the two main beliefs of free will
Libertarianism/free will and determinism
What is free will/libertarianism
The belief that people are in control of their actions
Thomas Hobbes' stance on free will/determinism
Compatibilism: Free will and determinism both exist
What is determinism
The belief that all human actions are determined by previous causes
First to propose the idea of soft determinism/compatibilism
Stoics
The theory/belief that free will and determinism can coexist
Compatibilism/soft determinism
Events are caused by agents (people), what is this belief
Agent-causal libertarianism
Name of Hobbes' most influential/well known works
Leviathan
What are the primary theories of determinism
Hard determinism and soft determinism (compatibilism)
What did Immanuel Kant believe in terms of free will
Believed that free will exists and it is incompatible with determinism
What is incompatibilism
Determinism and free will cannot coexist
What are the three types of libertarianism/free will
Event-causal libertarianism, agent-causal libertarianism, and non-causal libertarianism
Explain Hobbes' Theory of Freedom
As long as there are no external factors, forcing a decision, actions/decisions are free
Choices are predetermined by a sequence of prior causes such as past experiences, genetic predispositions etc
Hard determinism
Who believed that free will should be used to live a virtuous and fulfilling life
Stoics
The idea that we are misguided by our initial intuitive ideas about free will
Revisionism
Making a decision on a random whim/with no real purpose is an example of what
What are Hobbes' categories of freedom
Freedom as non-commitment and freedom as non-obstruction
The belief that nothing in the universe has free will and all actions and events are predetermined
Causal determinism
Who said “Men believe themselves to be free, simply because they are conscious of their actions, and unconscious of the causes whereby those actions are determined"
Baruch Spinoza
The belief that humans do not have contra-causal free will
Naturalism
What is event-causal libertarianism
Free actions that are caused/influenced by previous events
An individual has complete freedom before a decision is made but their freedom is limited by the decision they choose to make
Freedom as non-commitment
Being poor makes someone more likely to steal, but that doesn't take away the ability to not steal. What belief does this best fit.