Dates
When was the first set of decentralization reforms (start and end years)?
1982 and 1986
What is the verb meaning to become strong?
to strengthen
What is the stressed syllable in the verb project?
A policy concept aimed at distributing powers to local authorities and enhancing citizen participation in governance.
decentralization
The 19th century philosopher who stated that decentralization had a civic dimension.
Alexis de Tocqueville
The date when the number of Regions was reduced from 27 to 18.
2015
What is the adjective meaning capable of being elected?
electable
What is the stressed syllable in consideration?
ConsideRAtion
A policy concept which involves delegating powers to centrally appointed representatives
deconcentration
Full name of the President who started the decentralizing process under the Fifth Republic.
François Mitterand
When was the first territorial organization established in France?
1789
What is the adjective meaning having a quality that divides?
divisive
What is the stressed syllable in the verb operate?
to Operate
What impact did the first decentralization reforms have on the Prefects?
They lost much of their powers to the Regions and the Départements (but it remained an important function since Prefects are the only representatives of the State in the French territory)
What was the name of the Prime Minister whose government passed the 1982 decentralization law?
Pierre Mauroy
When was the second phase of the decentralization reforms?
Between 2003 and 2004
What adverb means in accordance with what is right or just?
rightfully
What is the stressed syllable in the noun product?
PROduct
Give one of the goals of decentralization in France in the 1980s.
- put an end to the welfare State mentality
- giving autonomy to the territorial collectivies in managing industrial and urban development
- make local government more effective.
What was the name of the Minister of Interior and Decentralization between 1981 and 1983?
Gaston Deferre
The years when powers were first attributed to elected Département Councils and municipal councils.
1871 AND 1884
What verb corresponds to the adjective contentious?
to contend
What is the stressed syllable in the noun authority?
auTHOrity
What did the 2003 constitutional changes introduce?
The principle of financial autonomy for territorial collectivities.
Who was the head of government during the second stage of territorial decentralization?
Jean-Pierre Raffarin was Prime Minister during the second stage of territorial decentralization.