Causes & Geography
This valley was the main cause of conflict between France, Britain, and Native Americans in mid-18th century North America.
The Ohio River Valley
He built Fort Necessity and surrendered to the French in 1754.
George Washington
This 1763 royal order forbade colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Proclamation Line of 1763
Which Native leader organized resistance after the war because of British treatment and settlement—his uprising is named after him?
Pontiac
The larger global conflict (1756–1763) that included the French and Indian War is called this.
The Seven Years’ War
Name two important rivers used for trade and westward movement during this time period.
Ohio & Mississippi Rivers
This British general’s 1755 expedition failed after his troops were ambushed; he also died in that campaign.
General Braddock
After the war Britain controlled more territory but faced this major problem that led to higher taxes on the colonies.
Massive war debt
The French often built alliances through trade and intermarriage; name one advantage this gave the French in early North American conflicts.
Strong trade relationships and trust with many Indigenous tribe
They were forced to leave Nova Scotia by the British.
The Acadians
What does it mean when territory is “disputed”?
More than one country or group claims the same land.
Which British leader respected Native American culture and created alliances with Chief Hendrik, helping the British succeed in North America?
Johnston
From Elizabeth Wilson’s perspective (colonial settler), why did she believe she could claim Ohio Valley land?
She and her husband purchased land from the Ohio Company and cleared it for farming
This Native American Chief went above and beyond other leaders in order to understand European culture.
Chief Hendrik, who traveled to London
Goods that are imported or exported illegally.
Contraband
Which physical boundary formed the eastern border of the contested Ohio Valley region?
Appalachian Mountains
In which battle did the British lose and then sit down to a banquet with the French?
Fort William Henry
Name one way colonists’ attitudes toward Parliament changed after the war, according to Benjamin Franklin’s testimony.
Their respect decreased because of trade restrictions, limits on money, new taxes like the stamp tax, and loss of legal protections
Explain how Pontiac’s Rebellion influenced British policy toward western settlement.
It helped prompt the Proclamation of 1763 to limit settlement west of the Appalachians to reduce conflicts with Native peoples.
One major cause of the French and Indian War was competition over what valuable trade good and its associated economy?
The fur trade, especially beaver pelts
This was established after the war to clarify where settlers were allowed to build, announced by King George.
The Proclamation of 1763
Which battle started as an ambush and forced the British to abandon Lake Champlain and build a Fort instead?
Bloody Morning Scout
What was one immediate British action that angered colonists and encouraged smuggling?
Increased trade restrictions and taxes
Explain why some Native groups allied with the British while others allied with the French.
Alliances depended on existing trade ties, diplomatic relationships, and which side seemed to respect land and provide goods—different tribes had different interests.
Summarize in one sentence why British victory in North America contributed to growing colonial unity and eventual desire for independence.
British victory removed the French threat but left Britain with huge debts and policies—taxes, restrictions, and limits on westward expansion—that angered colonists and pushed them toward greater unity and resistance.