Reign of Terror
This radical revolutionary faction, led by Robespierre, dominated France during the Reign of Terror.
Who are the Jacobins?
The Girondins were particularly opposed to this radical revolutionary figure’s policies, seeing his use of terror as extreme.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
Born in 1769 on this Mediterranean island, Napoleon was initially considered an outsider in French politics.
What is Corsica?
This estate made up about 97% of the population.
What is the Third Estate?
This is the current era that we are learning.
What is the French Revolution?
This moderate revolutionary faction, often at odds with the radical Jacobins, represented the interests of the provinces and the bourgeoisie.
Who are the Girondins?
Growing fears of “despotism, carnage, and famine” among the populace contributed to this major revolutionary event on July 14, 1789.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
In 1812, Napoleon’s Grande Armée was disastrously defeated during a campaign in this country, where harsh winters and scorched-earth tactics decimated his forces.
What is Russia?
By rejecting Louis XVI’s reforms, the privileged classes unintentionally opened the door for this dramatic political development.
What is the outbreak of the French Revolution?
These two privileged estates were largely exempt from taxes, contributing to widespread resentment.
Who are the nobles and clergy?
Adopted by the National Assembly in June 1791, this method replaced hanging and other class-based executions.
What is decapitation / the guillotine?
In May 1789, King Louis XVI called this assembly, which had not met for 175 years.
What is the Estates General?
This code, blending Enlightenment ideas with patriarchal authority, governed family, property, and labor relations under Napoleon.
What is the Napoleonic Code / Civil Code?
The middle class, or bourgeoisie, within the Third Estate, often clashed with nobles because of this reason.
What is their lack of political privileges despite economic power/wealth?
You go to HIST 102 Tuesday and Thursday and this is your first exam date.
When is October 3rd?
As Prussians advanced on Paris, mobs attacked prisons, killing ~1,100 prisoners (many innocent) and it symbolized the Revolution’s dark turn toward mob violence.
What were the September Massacres?
Approximately 1,200 deputies attended the Estates General, held at this grand royal residence symbolizing extravagance and the disconnect between rulers and subjects.
What is the Palace of Versailles?
At the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), these five powers dominated negotiations to restore stability to Europe, maintain the balance of power, and suppress revolutionary movements.
Who were the Big Five—Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia, and France—?
In 1787, Louis XVI’s proposed reforms were rejected by these two elite groups.
What are the Assembly of Notables and the parlement of Paris?
Unlike Britain, which had a national bank, France relied on short-term, high-interest loans from sources such as these.
What are Swiss banks and tax collectors?
Robespierre’s belief that democracy could justify suppressing dissent has led some historians to describe his rule with this modern political term.
What is totalitarianism?
The Tennis Court Oath highlighted the Third Estate’s commitment to sovereignty of this entity, rather than the monarchy alone.
What is the nation / the people?
This 1801 agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII ended a decade-long conflict, recognizing Catholicism as the majority religion while keeping the state in control of church affairs.
What is the Concordat of 1801?
This June 1789 pledge marked the first collective act of defiance by representatives of the nation, declaring they would not separate until France had a constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This is the first thing that I need for my research paper.
What is my topic?