The French Revolution
This King was the last monarch of France before the fall of the monarchy during the Revolution.
Louis XVI
Before factories, most goods were produced at home in this "industry" named for a small house.
Cottage Industry
Because they were small and could be paid less, this group was often used to crawl under factory machines.
Children (Child Labor)
This "iron horse" allowed goods and people to travel across land faster than ever before.
Steam Locomotive
This three-word French motto translates to "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
This July 14th event is still celebrated as France's national holiday.
Storming of the Bastille
This fossil fuel replaced wood as the primary source of energy for the new industrial age.
Coal
This "Revolution" in farming preceded the Industrial one, leading to a massive population boom.
Agricultural Revolution
Samuel Morse revolutionized long-distance communication with this "dot and dash" invention.
Telegraph
This red, white, and blue flag became the symbol of the French Revolution and is still used today.
Tricolor
Representing the commoners, this group broke away from the Estates-General to form their own assembly.
national assembly
This 18th-century "Spinning" invention by James Hargreaves allowed one worker to spin eight spools at once.
spinning jenny
These overcrowded, unsanitary apartment buildings were where many urban workers lived.
Tenements
These man-made waterways were built across Britain and the U.S. to transport heavy coal and iron.
Canals
Named for their "long trousers," these working-class radicals refused to wear the knee-breeches of the elite.
Sans-culottes
She was the Queen of France, often falsely attributed with saying, "Let them eat cake."
Marie Antoinette
This process, named for Henry Bessemer, made the mass production of this strong metal possible.
steel
This law-making body in Britain passed the first acts to limit the workday for women and children.
Parliament
He developed a new method for building roads with layers of crushed stone, a term still used in engineering today.
John McAdam
This female figure, often depicted in art leading the people, serves as the national personification of France.
Marianne
This period of state-sanctioned violence saw thousands of "enemies of the revolution" executed.
Reign of Terror
This American inventor’s "Clermont" was the first commercially successful vessel of its kind.
steam boat
Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine during this era to combat this deadly "speckled" disease.
Smallpox
This 1851 London exhibition was held in the Crystal Palace to showcase the wonders of the industrial world.
Great Exhibition
This song, composed during the Revolution, became the French National Anthem.
La Marseillaise