key events
What was the bastille?
This Paris prison-fortress was stormed on July 14, 1789, becoming a symbol of the Revolution.
Who is Louis XVI?
This French king was overthrown during the Revolution.
What were the Three Estates?
French society was divided into these three social groups, known collectively by this term.
What is a republic?
A government ruled by the people.
What is vienna?
This city hosted the Congress of Vienna from 1814–1815.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
This document, adopted in 1789, proclaimed that all men are born free and equal in rights.
Who was Marie Antoinette?
This queen, known as "Madame Deficit" by critics, wife of Louis XVI and an Austrian princess who was executed in 1793.
What was the First Estate?
This estate included clergy members.
What is abdication?
The removal of a monarch from power.
what significant event happened in 1793
The beheading if Louis XVI
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Known as "The Incorruptible," this revolutionary leader became associated with the Reign of Terror.
What was the Third Estate?
This estate consisted mostly of commoners and made up the vast majority of the population.
What is a coup d’etat
A sudden overthrow of a government.
what was peace in Europe?
This was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna: restoring a balance of power and maintaining this.
What was the reign of terror
This period from 1793–1794 saw thousands executed under revolutionary tribunal
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
This military leader rose to prominence during the Revolution and later crowned himself emperor.
What was Enlightenment?
Ideas from this intellectual movement emphasized reason, liberty, and equality.
What is the guillotine?
This machine became the symbol of revolutionary executions.
Who was Alexander 1 of Russia?
This Russian tsar played a major role at the Congress of Vienna and helped create the Holy Alliance.
What is the Coup of 18 Brumaire?
This coup in 1799 brought Napoleon to power and effectively ended the Revolution.
Who was Jean-Paul Marat?
A journalist and radical revolutionary who was assassinated while bathing in 1793.
How did the American Revolutionary affect France?
France's support for this war increased debt and helped fuel revolutionary unrest.
What were the jacobins?
The radical political club associated with Robespierre was known by this name.
What is the principle of legitimacy?
This principle guided many decisions at the Congress of Vienna, restoring traditional monarchs to their thrones.