Vocab
What is an Absolute Monarchy?
A form of government where one ruler holds all of the power.
Which Estate was made up of the Peasants and the Middle Class?
The Third Estate.
What device was commonly used to execute people during the Reign of Terror?
The Guillotine.
How long was Napoleon’s reign? When did he officially become Emperor?
1799-1815… He become emperor offically by title in 1804.
What idea did the French Monarchy violate that allowed the French people to overthrow them?
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
The Third Estate took an oath to not leave their meeting place until they created a new Constitution for France, birthplace of the National Assembly.
Which Estate consisted of the Nobility?
The Second Estate
What group was created by the National Convention to remove opposition to the Revolution?
The Committee of Public Safety
What “office“ was established that allowed Napoleon to take control of the French government?
The Consulate.
What was a concept that did not exist in France’s Absolute Monarchy?
Separation of Powers or Popular Sovereignty
What is the Bastille?
A fortress in France that represented the authority of the Monarchy.
What estate consisted of the clergy?
The First Estate
Who was the radical leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
Maximilien Robespierre
What job did Napoleon hold before becoming emperor of France?
High-ranking Military General.
Who was the Monarch of France during the Revolution?
King Louis XVI
What is Despotism?
Where a small group or one ruler hold absolute power, NOT of royalty or royal blood.
Which Estates were exempt from taxation from the Monarchy?
The First and Second Estates.
What Eventually happened to Robespierre?
He ended up being executed by the French people who thought he was going too far, brought an end to the Committee of Public Safety.
What were at least TWO things the Napoleonic code did?
Could include: Equality for all men, Religious tolerance, right to choose profession, abolishment of the feudal system, abolished servitude. HOWEVER, no rights for women.
Why were taxes so high on the Third Estate?
The Monarchy had drowned France in debt from lavish spending and expensive foreign wars (the American Revolution, for example).
Who were the Jacobins?
A political group that believed in total equality, but wanted to achieve it in radical ways.
Why was the Third Estate upset with the French Monarchy?
They had to pay very high taxes and were mistreated by the Monarchy.
What events allowed the Committee of Public Safety to be created?
The National Assembly abolished the Monarchy, became the National Convention, and needed a way to get rid of opposition.
What Final failure finallily removed Napoleon from power permanently?
Defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
What document was written by the National Assembly that was influenced by Enlightenment ideas?
Declaration of Rights of Man.