Vocabulary
What is the Guillotine?
The device which was created to kill people with the use of a large blade
What types of Government did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke prefer and why?
Thomas Hobbes: People are naturally selfish and evil, they need a strong government (Absolute Monarchy)
John Locke: People are naturally good and free, they need a limited government (Democracy)
Who made up each estate: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd?
1st: The Catholic Clergy
2nd: The Nobles
3rd: The Commoners
Who was the leader of the radical Jacobins that took over after the execution of King Louis and his wife?
Maximillion Robespierre
He started off as a soldier in the French military
Absolutism
What does the "Consent of the Governed" mean?
The government must have the permission of the people
List three causes for the French Revolution
1. The third estate had to pay 100% of the taxes
2. The third estate did not have enough food (such as bread) while the other estates were living luxuriously
3. The Enlightenment ideas made them want to limit the King's power
What was the name of King Louis XVI's wife?
Mary Antoniette
What is a military coup?
When the military takes over the government
Divine Right
The belief that a King receives his power from God
What was Jean Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract about? What type of democracy did he favor?
People in society need to work together and be on the same page for the sake of the country, he favored a direct democracy
What caused the Third Estate (National Assembly) to go to the Tennis Court and write the "Declaration of the Rights of man"?
They were locked out of the Estates General by the 1st and 2nd estate
Why was the period of Robespierre's power known as the Reign of Terror?
He killed thousands of people suspected of opposing the revolution with the guillotine
Why did Napoleon take the crown from the pope's hand and crown himself?
Rigid Social Hierarchy
A social class system that does not for social mobility
What are the "Natural Rights" according to John Locke?
Life, liberty, and Property
What lead to the storming of the Bastille Prison?
A rumor spread that King Louis wanted to attack and break up the meeting the third estate had
Why did France become bankrupt?
1. The King, Nobles, and Clergy lived a lavish and luxurious lifestyle (i.e building of Palace of Versailles)
2. The King spent a lot of money on wars
Why did Napoleon give the French a sense of pride and nationalism?
Why did the neighboring Europeans dislike Napoleon?
He united France, maintained rights and principles of the French Revolution, made a lot of reforms for the French people
He was disliked because he took over most of Europe through violent military conquests
The Enlightenment
A movement in which intellectuals discussed the nature of government
The government must be divided into different branches to ensure checks and balances (fairness, equality, and limited power)
Before the Storming of the Bastille Prison, what did the National Assembly (The Third Estate) hope to do to the King's power?
They wanted to limit his power and create two new branches of government
What was the name of the group that Robespierre ironically took over?
Committee of Public Safety
Why was Napoleon unsuccessful in Russia?
Russia is a large territory with freezing weather, Napoleon's army could not endure the brutal cold and the lack of supplies