People and Terms
This term describes the wealthy middle class in pre-revolutionary France primarily made up by bankers, merchants, lawyers, and doctors.
Bourgeoisie
Short word for widespread lack of food that helped trigger unrest and revolt.
Famine
The right to vote (one word) that was a sought-after political reform
Suffrage
The name of Napoleon’s massive army that invaded Russia in 1812 that had soldiers from 20 different cultural backgrounds participate in (two words).
Grand Army
Who was the First Consul of France and also became Consul for Life?
Napoleon
The device used during the Reign of Terror to carry out executions by beheading.
Guillotine
The prison seen by many as a symbol of royal tyranny, stormed on July 14, 1789.
Bastille
The model from which the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen drew inspiration (two-word political document) that was used by American Revolutionaries previously.
Declaration of Independence
The naval and trade blockade Napoleon used against Britain (Hint: Two words and had something to do with focusing on the European Mainland)
Continental System
Describe briefly (1–2 sentences) why the Palace of Versailles symbolized inequality before and during the Revolution.
Excessive wealth
Thousands of rooms
Gardens and canals
A person or group who fled France and often worked against the Revolution from abroad (Similar to the word emigration)
Emigres
The name of France’s social order made up of clergy, nobility, and commoners
The Estates system
The oath taken by representatives who promised not to separate until they produced a constitution (three-word phrase).
Tennis Court Oath
The island where Napoleon was exiled the first time.
Elba
Explain in 2–3 sentences why executing the king was considered a radical act.
Divine right of kings suggested that God was responsible for putting kings on the throne
To kill the king meant to go against God
Killing the king ended the French monarchy which had been in existence for nearly 1,000 years
A notebook listing an estate's grievances against the state, used before the Estates-General.
A cahier
The radical legislative period when thousands were executed by the revolutionary government.
The Reign of Terror
The term that describes extreme pride or devotion to one’s country; used to explain Napoleon unifying the French.
Nationalism
The final battle where Napoleon was defeated in 1815.
The Battle of Waterloo
Identify two Enlightenment ideals that influenced the French Revolution (two items).
Freedom of speech
Religious toleration
Natural rights
John Locke's response to governments not protecting natural rights
The political groups within revolutionary assemblies; rivals often competed for power. Can also mean disagreeing groups.
Factions
The tactic where retreating armies burn crops and resources to deny invaders supplies; Russia used this against Napoleon.
Scortched Earth
The idea of a government with power invested in the people (one-word noun).
Republic
The policy of forcing conquered lands to adopt French rule; when a state is absorbed into another (one word).
Annex or annexation
In 2–3 sentences, explain one way the Revolution did NOT consistently follow Enlightenment
Women could not vote and did not receive the same equality under the law as men
Slavery still denied many individuals their natural rights
Freedom of speech did not protect individuals from the guillotine