Enlightenment
Who are the four main Enlightenment Philosophers?
Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu
What were the three short-term causes of the revolution?
Financial crisis, agricultural crisis, estates-general meeting
Why did revolutionaries storm the Bastille?
To get gunpowder for their weapons.
How percentage of the population did the nobility represent?
2%
What was Marie Antoinette's nickname?
Mme Deficit.
How can you describe the Enlightenment period?
A point in time in which new ideas were introduced. The name given to the 18th century in reference to the knowledge and important scientific advancements that came to light at this time.
What is the long-term cause of the French Revolution?
The social divisions of France with the 3rd estate making up 97% of the population.
Why was the Tennis Court Oath important?
They created a written constitution for France.
What percentage of the population did the Third Estate represent?
97%.
What were the King and the Queen drawn as?
A pig and a serpent.
What did Montesquieu mean by the separation of powers?
In every society there are three kinds of power and he wanted these powers separated
1) Legislative powers (i.e. law making)
2) Executive powers (i.e. enforcing the laws)
3) Judicial powers (i.e. judging those accused of breaking the laws)
How did the American Revolution contribute to France's financial crisis?
It bankrupted France.
What was the nickname of the guillotine?
The "National Razor".
What fraction of the vote did each of the estates have at the estates-general meeting?
1/3
Why was King Louis the 16th a bad ruler?
He was shy, quiet, and very indecisive. He was not ready to be king.
What did Rousseau believe in?
Rousseau believed that all people were equal
Rousseau believed that power belonged to the people and not to the king
Rousseau believed that the people should be able to choose what kind of political system they wanted
As a result of the Estates-General meeting, what happened with the Third Estate?
They broke off and formed the National Assembly.
What was the Reign of Terror?
When "terror" became the order of the day.
Who was required to pay taxes?
The Third Estate.
When was King Louis executed?
January 21st, 1793.
What document did Enlightenment ideas influence?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
What led to the agricultural crisis?
The price of bed skyrocketed due to two consecutive bad harvests. The Third Estate could no longer afford bread.
What was the definition of a citizen in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
A 25 year old white male.
What was the Third Estate fighting for at the Estates-General meeting?
For the clergy and the nobility to pay taxes.
When was Marie Antoinette executed?
October 16th, 1793.