French Revolution I
Who was Robespierre?
The leader of the Committee of Public Safety and dictator during the Reign of Terror who ruled France through terror. He executed 40,000 political "enemies" before being beheaded at the guillotine himself.
Who was the extravagant queen of France who spent freely and paid no attention to the reality of life in France for most people in the third estate?
Marie Antoinette
Who did the Directory name as France's principal military general, turned leader of the government?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Where did Napoleon die?
St. Helena
Who led the series of meetings after the Napoleonic Wars ended and set a plan for peace in Europe?
Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria)
The phrase “men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” appears in which French Revolution document?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The people of France were divided into three large social classes or _____________
Estates
In which country did Napoleon lose over 400,000 men due to battle, starvation, cold, and disease?
Russia
Why did Napoleon sign a Concordat with Pope Pius VII?
Many nobles and peasants wanted the Church's role in France restored after the revolution. This established a relationship that recognized the influence of the Church without Napoleon losing power to it.
What were the series of meetings in Austria that aimed at peace in Europe known as?
The Congress of Vienna
What was the most radical phase of the French Revolution?
The Reign of Terror
_______ represented the 3rd Estate in order to pass laws/reforms in the name of the French People.
The National Assembly
What was the comprehensive set of laws that Napoleon created called?
The Napoleonic Code.
How did Napoleon try to end corruption in the French government? (Reforms)
He created a national bank, efficient tax system, schools, or lycees, to train people. He then gave jobs based on merit.
Explain how the legacy off the Congress of Vienna
-restored old kings to power (no Enlightenment/ revolutionary plans for government)
-Concert of Europe (resist future European revolutions)
-France returned to a Monarchy
Which instrument was key in executions across France?
The guillotine
When King Louis needed to raise taxes on the people of France, he called together a meeting of the _____.
Estates General
What did Napoleon do to seize power?
coup d'etat
What is a major reason drove Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the US?
He needed money and he thought it would hurt Britain.
Describe a goal of the Congress of Vienna.
-Lasting Peace
-Containment of France (keep French power from spreading)
-Balance of Power (no country should become too powerful)
-Legitimacy (Restored old kings/ governments to pre-revolutionary regimes)
Name an early event that led to the French Revolution that showed the shift in power from the King to the People.
Storming of the Bastille, the Great Fear, and the Women's March on Versailles
Who were the sans-culottes most likely to agree with; radicals, moderates, or conservatives?
Radicals. The sans-culottes wanted change! (So they could get fancy pants, too)
What was Napoléon's blockade called, used to cripple the British economy?
Continental System
Describe at least 1 off Napoleon's three costly mistakes.
Continental System - Blockade was widely ignored by allies and was weaker than Britain's own blockade
Peninsular War - created an enemy in Spain and lost 300,000 troops (rise of nationalism)
Invasion of Russia - Lost over 400,000 troops in a final military campaign. Army no longer trusted him.
John Locke argued everyone is born with ___
Natural Rights