Late 1700's France
Who were the bourgeoisie?
Who were Middle-class citizens holding many different types of professional jobs (lawyers, doctors, bankers, merchants, manufacturers, etc.) They were wealthy and educated.
What event led to Louis and Marie Antoinette being taken as hostage and brought back to Paris?
What is the Woman's March
Robespierre created this to seek out enemies of the revolution/republic
What is “Committee of Public Safety”
What were the three key components to Napoleons military strategy and success?
Loyalty - Napoleon fought alongside his men, He was a person who rose through the ranks
Speed - Lived off the land instead of using supply trains, Used cavalry to launch quick attacks, Made quick decisions in battle, Organized his units into corps to make them more maneuverable
Surprise - Looked for opportunities to outflank opponents, Divided larger armies for smaller battles, Used envelopment tactics and deception
What was one positive and one negative of the Napoleonic code
Teacher discretion
What was the name of the government system used in France in the late 1700's?
What is Estates General?
What event is often seen as the true beginning of the French Revolution?
What is storming the Bastille?
What nickname was the guillotine given?
What countries formed the grand alliance?
Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden
When was the last execution by guillotine?
1977
Name three reasons the people of France disliked Marie Antoinette
1. She spent lavishly despite the countries economic struggle
2. Out of touch with the struggle of the third estate - "let them eat cake"
3. From Austria - the traditional enemy of France
Rumors circulated the countryside about a plot against the common people (peasants)
What is the Great Fear?
The guillotine was created for what purpose?
An enlightened form of death - supposedly painless and a swift death given to nobles and peasants alike
Napoleon conquered Europe creating the biggest empire since the Romans. What were the three ways countries were controlled by Napoleon?
Annexed by France and controlled from Paris
Conquered, but remained independent in name by submitting to Napoleon (many were ruled by his family members)
Allied to Napoleon through peace treaties
What is the Jacobins club and who were the leaders?
What is extremist political group that called for the removal of the King and establishment of a Republic
Who is Maximillian Robespierre, John-Paul Marat, and Georges Danton
Explain how the "crisis of the state" was present in France in the late 1700's.
What is financial crisis, poor leadership, lack of trust in government, social inequality.
What happened on June 20th, 1789?
King Louis XVI calls a meeting of the estates general - the third estate gets locked out of their meeting hall – they find an indoor tennis court and agree to fight for a new constitution “The Tennis Court Oath”
As many as ________ died during the reign of terror. Many were people that formed the initial _______________
40, 000
National Assembly
At this 1805 battle, French and Spanish fleets are crushed by the British Royal Navy at the straights of Gibraltar. What was the name of the battle and what did it ensure for the victor?
Trafalgar. Napoleon will never be able to invade Britain
What battle was the turning point for Napoleons military career where he was able to start rising through the ranks?
What is Battle of Toulon?
Explain the Old Regime
First Estate - Catholic Church (Bishops, Priests, Ect.), Owned 10% of the land in France, Had major political influence, Paid no tax
Second Estate - Nobility, Owned 20% of the land, Held highest ranking positions in government & Society, Paid no tax
Third Estate - Lower and middle-class citizens, Made up 98% of France, Paid tax
What are at least two things achieved by the Declaration of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
Rights of Men - Guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom of religion
Limited Monarchy - Created a constitutional monarchy
Departments - Divided France into districts, each with their own elected representatives
State-controlled church - Forced Catholic Church to give up all property
Church officials would be elected and paid by the government
When the reign of terror ended they created a new constitution. What kind of legislation did they create, who made up this new constitution, and what was their goal?
1. Two-house-legislation, executive body of 5 members called the directory.
2. Moderates - not revolutionaries
3. Stabilize the government - win the war
In 1815, leaders of Europe met. What was this meeting called and what was the purpose/what happened?
Congress of Vienna (1815) to discuss the future of Europe
New boundaries were drawn, and new countries came into existence
Europe created an alliance system to prevent any future military aggression by one nation
European nations discussed new ideas of governance, to provide more power to the people, and prevent an uprising like what happened in France
Identify and explain how each cause of revolution (4 total) was present in France.
Answer up to the discretion of Miss Kennon