Scope
The author of What Is History?
Who is E.H. Carr
Historical documents, visual sources, and physical artifacts
What are Primary Sources?
Historians and all humans have this, a prejudice in favor of one side
What is a Bias?
Multiple viewpoints and perspectives to ensurethis.
What is accuracy?
The last Queen of France before the French revolution
Who is Marie Antoinette?
The distinction between “facts of the past” and “historical facts”
What is historians selecting and interpreting facts so they become meaningful as history
Criticism of the author, Purpose, Time and place, and Audience
What is External Criticism?
Historians interpret past events through the lens of their own time and society
What is their Point of View?
Historians need to separate these 2 things when "writing history"
What are interpretations and facts?
A man who took up the power vacuum left after the French Revolution and tried to seize power over all of Europe
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte
This is the example E.H. Carr used to show you need to take all the facts into account before you make your interpretation
Who is a Victorian Englishman
Works created by other historians
What are secondary resources?
Historians inevitably select which facts to include, so their perspective shapes the narrative
What is selectivity?
The thing historians must do when new facts appear
What is edit previous works and be transparent about the changes?
Around this many people were executed for being accused of supporting a "nation against the public's will"
a) 20,000
b) 30,000
c) 40,000
d) 80,000
What is c) 40,000
History covers political, social, economic, and cultural life, not just this
Who are great men?
Criticism of the Content, Bias, Consistency, Evidence
What is Internal criticism?
Carr stresses you can’t remove yourself from history, but you should be aware of your standpoint
What is Objectivity V Subjectivity
Historians should separate verifiable claims from this
What are moral judgements?
This was the year that the French Revolution started in.
When was 1789
The relationship between the past, the present, and the future
What is a continuous process that keeps changing?
A list of complaints and suggestions of French people right before the Revolution took place
What is The Cahiers de Doleances?
Carr's idea that history is not just a record of facts but a continuous conversation
What is the dialogue between the past and present?
E. H. Carr and the American Historical Association stress that practicing history with integrity does not mean having none of this.
What is a Point of View?
Founded the Reign of Virtue and the Reign of Terror
Who was Maximilian Robespierre