ESTATES
The First Estate included all of this group.
What is the Clergy?
These critical thinkers used reason to solve practical problems, and advocated political reform. Most were dead by the time revolution occurred.
Who are the philosophes?
This word denotes a single member of the bourgeoisie.
What is a bourgeois?
DAILY DOUBLE
This phrase, used by the American colonists in their struggle against British domination, was adopted by the French.
This philosophe spent time in the Bastille for criticising the monarchy, and believed the Church should be subject to the same taxes and laws as everyone else.
Who is Voltaire?
The Second Estate included the noblesse d'epee, noblesse de court and this other subgroup.
Who are the noblesse de robe?
This thinker proposed a separation of powers in his 'Spirit of the Laws' published in 1748.
Who is Montesquieu?
This was the greatest aim of the bourgeoisie.
What is to become noble?
This French officer volunteered to help the colonists in their war against the British and became a close friend of George Washington.
Who is the Marquis de Lafayette?
There is a statue of this American Founding Father in Paris.
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
Approximately 98% of the French people were part of this Estate.
What is the Third Estate?
Jean-Jacques Rosseau explained the idea that there is an agreement between a ruler and his people and each have a duty to the other in this publication.
What is the 'Social Contract'?
A new idea adopted by the bourgeoisie was that a person's social importance should be based on merit and this quality, rather than birth.
What is utility (usefulness)?
This term denotes a wave of French sympathy for the American struggle which developed in the 1780s .
What is the 'American Spirit'?
This liberal noble had a powerful speaking voice and supported the Third Estate, believing in constitutional monarchy.
Who is the Comte de Mirabeau?
This group were the only ones who paid feudal dues to their lord.
Who are the peasants?
DAILY DOUBLE
The main place for ideological discussions, usually held in the home of a wealthy noble or bourgeois woman who would lead the discussions.
Abbe Sieyes proclaimed that the Third Estate was this in his 20,000 word pamphlet 'What is the Third Estate?'
What is everything?
This number of Frenchmen served in the American War of Independence.
What is 8000?
The Comte de Mirabeau, Marquis de Lafayette and Abbe Sieyes were members of this group of liberal nobility, a 'conspiracy of well-intentioned men', who were concerned with the welfare of the French people.
Who are the Society of Thirty?
The nobility owned this much land in France.
What is 30%?
Denis Diderot edited this publication.
What is the 'Encyclopedie'?
Wealthy and ambitious members of the bourgeoisie would purchase this when they had accrued enough funds, enabling them to move up the social ladder into the Second Estate.
What is venal public office?
Which historian said this of the influence of the American War of Independence on the French revolution: "It was the simple fact that new starts were shown to be possible."
Who is William Doyle?
The Marquis de Lafayette was given this nickname by his enemies to mock his youthful good looks.
What is General Goldilocks?