Conservation by the Numbers
How much of Earth’s surface is covered by freshwater?
a) 0.8%
b) 0.4%
c) 10%
d) 8%
a) 0.8%
According to the Cooke et al. reading, what needs to be created to share experiences and knowledge within freshwater restoration?
Networks
Between 2011 and 2014, the successful removal of two large dams on Washington State’s Elwha River increased chinook salmon and steelhead populations within the river, expanded their inland habitat range, and resulted in a resurgence of naturally produced juvenile salmon in the region. The significant success of this dam removal process has since inspired other large dam removals, such as the recent removal of 4 dams along the Klamath River. According to Cooke et al., this case study could be identified as a _____?
Bright spot
UN name for this decade
Decade for Ecosystem Restoration (UN DER)
What percentage of the case studies analyzed by Acreman et al. included data on invertebrates?
a) 19%
b) 8%
c) 41%
d) 70%
b) 8%
An approach to learning and science that is inclusive of Indigenous and Western knowledge and ways of knowing?
Two eyed seeing
“In Mexico, flooding during the rainy season allowed tilapia to escape from fish farms” and invade nearby rivers (Acreman et al. 2020). Which of Acreman et al.’s lessons most directly relates to this situation?
Lesson 6 - Well-managed protected areas can provide a refuge for native species against invasive non-native species
Also known as a basin or catchment
Watershed
What percentage of wetland-dependent species are threatened with extinction?
a) ¼
b) ½
c) ¾
a) ¼
Identify 3 meaningful freshwater considerations that could lead to progression toward freshwater ecosystem restoration, according to Cooke et al.?
Work across terrestrial and freshwater boundaries during restoration
Emulate nature
Think and act on a watershed scale
Design for environmental heterogeneity
Mitigate threats alongside restoration
Identify bright spots
Think long-term (decade not long enough)
Embrace social-ecological systems thinking
In 2017, New Zealand’s Whanganui River was recognized as a legal person, providing it standing to sue for its own protection, and in 2020 voters in Toledo, Ohio, USA attempted to grant basic rights to Lake Erie via the “Lake Erie Bill of Rights” ballot initiative. These legal recognitions of the Rights of Nature correspond most closely to which of the Pathways described by Cooke et al.?
Pathway II: Generating political support
The intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources
Ramsar Convention
How many times faster is wetland loss happen than forest loss?
3x
Fill in the blanks: “Watersheds are often regarded as logical planning units given that there are _____ consequences of ______ actions” (Cooke et al. 2022).
“Watersheds are often regarded as logical planning units given that there are downstream consequences of upstream actions”
“In Brazil, community-based management approaches have succeeded in reducing poaching of turtle eggs, where formal law enforcement had previously failed” (Acreman et al. 2020). Which of Cooke et al.’s considerations most directly accounts for the positive outcome of this case study?
Embracing social-ecological systems thinking
One of the three intended audiences Cooke et al. identified for their paper
Bonus: 50 points each if you can name the other two
Knowledge generators
Practitioners and stewards
Policy-makers and organizational leads
Of the 75 case studies, how many had reported positive outcomes?
Bonus: 50 points each if you can name negative and neutral
38 positive
25 neutral
12 negative
According to Cooke et al., considerations of freshwater biodiversity are excluded from which water-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)?
SDG 14 - “Life Below Water”
“Disconnection of the River Yangtze from its floodplain was a partial cause of reduced numbers of cranes in a reserve in China” while “Lowering of the groundwater table contributed to degradation of vegetation in National Parks in Zambia” (Acreman et al. 2020). Which of Acreman et al.’s lessons could enhance the effectiveness of the protected areas within these case studies?
Lesson 2 - Protected areas need to be of sufficient size and configuration to connect diverse elements of the waterscape and maintain their biodiversity
Lesson 4 - Incorporating conservation of aquatic habitats, including hydrological regime, water quality, and riparian vegetation, into protected area strategies is vital to maintaining freshwater biodiversity
Lesson 5 - Protected areas should be free of external and internal pressures from inappropriate, illegal, or unregulated land and water management
(half credit) Increasing multi-direction connectivity, including longitudinal, lateral, vertical, and temporal connectivity
Convention that set 20 Aichi Targets to be met by 2020
The Convention on Biological Diversit