Piagets Substages
Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage (birth-1 month) is built on these inborn, automatic responses
What are reflexes?
Locke described children as this Latin term for “blank slate”
What is tabula rasa?
This process removes seldom-stimulated synapses, leaving about half by adolescence
What is synaptic pruning?
This memory store actively holds about 2-7 items
What is working memory?
An 8-10-month-old looks to a trusted adult’s face to decide how to react to a new toy; this is the term
What is social referencing?
An infant discovers thumb sucking by chance and repeats it. Piaget calls this type of behavior...
What are primary circular reactions?
This founder of the child-study movement introduced the normative approach of collecting data from many children
Who is G. Stanley Hall?
A toddler with a swollen belly, hair loss, and listlessness has this protein-deficiency condition
What is kwashiorkor?
A toddler who calls every vehicle “car” has made this language error
What is overextension?
Thomas and Chess’s 40% group with regular routines, cheerful moods, and easy adaptation
Who are easy children?
At 6 months, a baby kicks a mobile, sees it move, and kicks again to repeat the effect.
What are secondary circular reactions?
A teen cleans his room so his mother stops nagging him. Skinner called this type of consequence this
What is negative reinforcement?
Weeks 3-8, when teratogens are most likely to cause major structural defects, are this period
What is the embryonic period?
Chomsky’s innate system containing universal grammar goes by these initials
What is the LAD (Language Acquisition Device)?
Rothbart’s term for the ability to suppress a dominant reaction and execute a more adaptive one
What is effortful control?
A 14-month-old drops a spoon from different heights to see what happens each time; this behaviour is called...
What are tertiary circular reactions?
Vygotsky called the gap between what a child can do alone and what she can do with guidance this
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
A child with musical aptitude begs for lessons. This is the type of gene-environment correlation
What is active (niche-picking)?
Toddlers learn less from 2D video than from live demonstrations; this is the name of the effect
What is the video deficit effect?
In the Strange Situation, a clingy, very distressed baby who is angry and hard to soothe at reunion
What is insecure-resistant (ambivalent) attachment?
At 20 months, a toddler copies an action she saw two days ago using a different object. This ability depends on this mental skill
What is mental representation (deferred imitation)?
Bronfenbrenner’s time-based system covering life transitions and historical events that affect all the others
What is the chronosystem?
This theory replaced the maturational timetable view, saying motor skills combine into more complex systems
What is dynamic systems theory?
This early intervention gave poor infants full-time enriched care, with IQ gains lasting to age 21
What is the Carolina Abecedarian Project?
Bowlby’s mental blueprint from early caregiver interactions that shapes expectations about relationships
What is the internal working model?