Disease & Microbes
What is an infectious disease?
A disease caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists) that can spread between organisms.
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
Name one organelle found in both plant and animal cells.
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes.
What tool do we use to see cells?
Microscope.
What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide.
Name one way diseases can spread from person to person.
Direct contact, coughing, sneezing, touching contaminated surfaces, body fluids.
Name one part of the Cell Theory.
1) All living things are made of cells, 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function, 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What does the mitochondrion do in a cell?
Provides energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Why do we use stains when observing cells?
To make cell structures easier to see under the microscope.
What gas do plants release during photosynthesis?
Oxygen.
What is a microbe?
A microscopic organism, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms consist of one cell; multicellular organisms consist of many cells that work together.
Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is used for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast.
What type of cells did we observe from our cheek?
Animal cells
What process do cells use to get energy from glucose?
Cellular respiration.
In our disease outbreak activity, what did “patterns in data” help us identify?
How diseases spread through a population (routes of transmission, infection patterns).
Name one scientist who helped develop the Cell Theory.
Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, Hooke.
What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
Cell membrane.
What type of cells did we observe in Elodea?
Plant cells.
In our yeast lab, what evidence showed cellular respiration was happening?
The color change of BTB indicating carbon dioxide was produced by the yeast.
What is one trade-off of using medicine to treat infectious diseases?
Possible side effects, antibiotic resistance, cost, overuse of medication.
Explain why viruses are not considered living under the Cell Theory.
They are not made of cells and cannot reproduce or carry out life processes without a host.
What are two differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
What is one reason multicellular organisms need many specialized cells?
Different cells perform different functions (e.g., muscle cells for movement, nerve cells for signaling).
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected.
Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce energy; cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis.