Structures
This molecule is the genetic material of coronaviruses. It is single stranded, has ribose sugar, a phosphate, and the nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
What is RNA?
In DNA replication Adenine pairs with what nucleotide?
What is Thymine?
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for making an mRNA transcript from DNA?
What is happening in translation?
What is "mRNA is used to make a protein"?
Why is DNA replication said to be "semi-conservative"?
What is "one strand of DNA is old (used as a template) and the other is newly made"?
The sugar which makes up the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is called_____
What is deoxyribose?
If a strand of DNA is 5' ACG-TTG-CCA-GCT 3' what is the complementary strand made during DNA replication?
What is 3' TGC-AAC-GGT-CGA 4'?
In eukaryotic cells transcription happens in the nucleus. Where does transcription occur in prokaryotic cells (bacteria)?
What is the cytoplasm?
Translation happens in protein factories called___?
What is a ribosome?
What is the name for the set of 3 nucleotides in the mRNA?
Proteins are large molecules made out of smaller molecules called ______
What is amino acids?
The first step in DNA replication is to separate the double stranded DNA into single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds holding the nitrogenous bases together. What is the name of the enzyme responsible for this process?
What is helicase?
RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase can only make new strands in one direction. What direction is this?
What is 5'---> 3'?
What molecule has the anticodon and the amino acid for each mRNA codon?
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
True or False: There are multiple codon combinations that code for the same amino acid, but each codon combination only codes for one amino acid. Explain your answer.
What is true?
On the board, draw the chemical structure of RNA, making sure to label the phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous bases.
What is the correct drawing of RNA?
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that makes a new strand of DNA on the leading and lagging strands. How does DNA polymerase know where to start synthesizing a new strand of DNA?
What is primase?
What is the RNA transcript made from the following DNA template: 3' ATA-GAT-CTC-GCA 5'?
What is 5' UAU-CUA-GAG-CGU 3'?
Using the codon chart, determine the amino acid sequence (protein) made from the following mRNA sequence: 5' AUG- ACA-AGA-GGC-GUA-CGA-UGA 3'?
What do we mean by leading and lagging strand of DNA? Support your answer with a drawing.
What is the correct drawing of the leading and lagging strands of DNA?
On the board, draw the correct structure of DNA, making sure to demonstrate the antiparallel nature of DNA, along with labels for the sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
What is the correct drawing of DNA structure?
Explain the difference between DNA replication on the leading and the lagging strand. Support your answer with a drawing on the board.
Describe the processes of initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription.
What is initiation (RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence of DNA), elongation (RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA), and termination (RNA polymerases reaches a termination sequence in the DNA and detaches) of transcription?
Describe the processes of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation.
What is initiation (mRNA binds to ribosome and tRNA binds to starting codon in mRNA), elongation (ribosome reads mRNA codon one by one and tRNA brings complementary amino acids elongating the amino acid chain), and termination (a STOP codon is reached and everything dissociates) of translation?
What is the DNA sequence used to make the following amino acid sequence: MET-Ile-Tyr-Trp-Phe- STOP? Make sure to show the mRNA as well.
What is "3' TAC-TAG-ATA-ACC-AAA-ATC 5'"?