Macromolecules
What are the four major macromolecules? Give an example of each one.
Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
What are the three subatomic particles? What are their charges?
protons - positive, electrons - negative, neutrons - neutral
What does polarity mean?
the trait of having oppositely charged regions (or poles)
Hydrophilic likes water and hydrophobic is afraid of water.
What are the two compartments in chloroplasts?
the stroma and the thylakoid
What is a monomer?
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances.
What is a hydrogen bond? What is an example of this?
a weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom from a different molecule; an example is H2O bonding to another H2O
What does semi-permeable mean?
Allows some substances through.
What are the major light absorbing pigments in plants?
chlorophylls
What is another name for glycosidic linkage?
glycosidic bond
What is a compound?
a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine
Describe the difference between cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion is like molecules sticking to like molecules. Adhesion is different molecules sticking together.
What is equilibrium?
When the molecules diffuse and are evenly spread throughout the area
What molecule is being broken down during glycolysis?
glucose
What are nucleic acids made up of?
nucleotides
What is a covalent bond?
In powdered hot chocolate and warm water, what is the solvent and what is the solute?
The solvent is the water and the solute in hot chocolate powder.
What can passive transport also be referred to as?
facilitated diffusion
Why is the ETC so important?
it is how we produce energy
What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
a monosaccharide is made up of one subunit, a disaccharide is made up of two, and a polysaccharide is made up of three or more
they are called substrates; they bond to the active site
In a scenario where you are having cereal and orange juice for breakfast, what is the heterogeneous mixture and what is the homogeneous mixture?
Heterogeneous - cereal
homogeneous - orange juice
What does the phospholipid bilayer make up?
The cell membrane
What two molecules produced during the light dependent reaction are then used during the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH