FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
How long did it take Rome to grow from a small republic to a huge empire?
500 years
What big event happened in 509 B.C.?
Rome became a Republic
Who was Rome’s main enemy in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
Who conquered Gaul (modern-day France)?
Julius Caesar
What title did the Senate give to Octavian?
Augustus “honored one”
What does “Pax Romana” mean?
Roman Peace
What scary event almost destroyed Rome in 390 B.C.?
The Gauls attacked and burnt most of city
What famous trick did Hannibal use in the Second Punic War?
He marched his army with elephants over the Alps into Italy
What did Julius Caesar do after he crossed the Rubicon River?
He started a civil war and eventually became dictator for life
What does “Pax Romana” mean, and how long did it last?
Roman Peace - 200 years
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
Augustus
How did Rome treat many of the people they defeated in Italy?
Made some allies and gave some citizenship
What happened to Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War?
It was burned to the ground
Why was Julius Caesar assassinated in 44 B.C.E.?
Senators feared he wanted too much power
What two things helped Roman trade grow across the empire?
A single currency (coins) and improved roads/harbors
Name one big change that happened by 14 A.D. — Rome went from a republic to what?
An Empire ruled by one emperor
Why did Rome need a big permanent army during this time?
To defend their growing territory and conquered lands
Name one negative effect the Punic Wars had on small Roman farmers.
Many lost their farms; small farms were replaced by big estates run by slaves
Name a couple of things Julius Caesar did to help the poor people of Rome.
Created jobs with building projects, gave free grain/gladiator shows, or started new colonies
Name one good that came to Rome from Egypt or North Africa.
Grain/wheat
Who led a big slave revolt?
Spartacus
What river did Caesar cross to start a civil war?
Who were the two brothers who tried to help poor farmers?
Gracchus brothers
Who was the Roman dictator who led the Roman military to victory and then quickly gave up his title and returned to farming?
Lucius Cincinnatus
What happened on the day called “The Ides of March?”
Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times and bled to death in the Senate