BASIC EPI
This is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data
What is Public Health Surveillance?
This measure of central location is the "middle" value that splits a dataset into two equal halves
What is the Median?
This key on the keyboard is used to start a formula in an Excel cell
What is the Equal Sign (=)?
The "S" in SWOT analysis stands for this
What are Strengths?
This is the ongoing, systematic review of key steps of the surveillance process.
What is Monitoring?
This type of data collection relies on healthcare providers to initiate reports to the health department.
What is Passive Surveillance?
This measure of disease frequency calculates the number of NEW cases in a population over a specified time period
What is Incidence (or Incidence Rate)?
This function adds all the values in a specified range of cells
What is the SUM function?
Factors like "Lack of staff training" or "Outdated reporting forms" are considered these in a SWOT analysis.
What are Weaknesses? (Internal, harmful factors)
This M&E attribute measures whether surveillance reports arrive at the next level on schedule.
What is Timeliness?
This is a set of uniformly applied criteria for deciding if a person has a particular disease.
What is a Case Definition?
If 40 people get sick at a company picnic and 200 people attended, the attack rate is this percentage
What is 20%? (Calculation: (40/200) * 100%)
This type of graph, where adjacent columns touch and the x-axis is usually time, is used to create an epidemic curve
What is a Histogram?
An upcoming election that could result in budget cuts for public health is an example of this type of SWOT factor.
What is a Threat? (External, harmful factor)
If 45 out of 50 health facilities in a district submit their weekly report (even if late), the district's reporting completeness for that week is this percentage
What is 90%? (Calculation: (45/50)*100)
Name at least two of the four diseases that must be reported to the WHO under the IHR (2005) under all circumstances.
What are Smallpox, Poliomyelitis (wild-type), Human influenza caused by a new subtype, and SARS?
This measure, often expressed as a percentage, describes the proportion of persons with a particular disease who die from it.
What is the Case-Fatality Rate (CFR)?
This function would be used to count how many cells in a range (e.g., B2:B100) contain the text "Male
What is the COUNTIF function?
The availability of a new WHO grant for surveillance training would be considered this type of SWOT factor.
What is an Opportunity? (External, helpful factor)
This episodic, in-depth assessment measures the performance of a surveillance system against established criteria
What is Evaluation?
This term describes the occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected in a given area and time period
What is an Epidemic or Outbreak?
For a quantitative variable like "age," the recommended summary for epidemiologic data is this measure of central location and this measure of spread
What are the Median and Range?
To create a line graph that shows trends over time, the data should be sorted by this variable first.
What is Time (e.g., Date, Week, Year)?
In the context of a SWOT analysis for a surveillance system, the final step after identifying S, W, O, and T is to develop these
What are Recommendations?
Name two specific actions a district health office can take to improve data quality, based on the results of its weekly M&E activities
What are: 1) Provide feedback to facilities, 2) Conduct data quality audits, 3) Distribute written guidelines, or 4) Provide training? (Any two are acceptable).