Digestive System Physiology
There are two types of digestion. ________ digestion refers to the breakdown of foods by acid and enzymes secreted into the GI tract.
What is chemical?
Autoimmune disease characterized by the flattening of intestinal villi from exposure to gluten.
What is Celiac Disease?
The type of fiber that is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine and either dissolves or absorbs water
What is soluble fiber?
This chemical structure comprises three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.
What is a triglyceride?
The chemical bond formed between amino acids in a protein.
What is a peptide bond?
The fingerlike protrusions that participate in digestion and absorption of food.
What is villi?
The condition characterized by the build up of cholesterol-rich substances (along with other components, like oxidized LDL) that is deposited in blood vessel over time.
What is atherosclerosis?
Short-chain CHO containing 3-10 monosaccharides.
What are oligosaccharides?
High concentrations of this lipoprotein is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
What is LDL?
Rice and beans can be combined to form a ________ protein because they are complimentary proteins.
What is complete (or high-quality) protein?
______ describes the starch-digesting enzyme produced by salivary glands and the pancreas.
What is amylase?
This disease state may require reduced fluid, sodium, phosphorus, and protein intake along with dialysis for treatment/management.
What is kidney failure (or chronic kidney disease)?
The AMDR of total calories from carbohydrate.
What is 45-65%?
Despite the ban of partially hydrogenated oils, foods can legally still contain trace amounts (up to 0.5 grams per serving) of this configuration of fatty acid.
What is trans fatty acid?
Alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheets are considered ________ structures of protein.
What is secondary?
The section of the small intestine that performs the most chemical digestion of nutrients.
What is the duodenum?
The form of diabetes characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas because of an immune system disorder.
What is type 1 diabetes?
The pancreas releases ______ to trigger glucose uptake by cells.
What is insulin?
Another name for omega-3 fatty acid.
What is alpha-linolenic acid?
____g/kg is the RDA for protein.
What is 0.8?
The nutrient absorptive process that involves a carrier protein to move nutrients across the cell membrane and does NOT require energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
70-90% of peptic ulcers are caused by an ____________.
What is H. pylori infection?
sorbitol and xylitol are examples of ______ ________.
The largest of lipoproteins.
What are chylomicrons?
mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm to undergo _________ (with the help of tRNA) for protein synthesis.
What is translation?