Energy
Where does the energy flow when a bond is broken?
The energy is going INTO the system.
What is a mole?
A quantity equal to 6.02x1023.
Which stroke does the unexplained energy output come from within the combustion of gasoline in an engine?
Stroke 3- Power stroke
Which bond is stronger, C-P or C-Cl? Why?
C-Cl; chlorine has more protons than phosphorus.
Which subatomic particles are contained in the center (or the nucleus) of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Where does energy flow when a bond is made?
The energy is going OUT of the system.
Moving the syringe from ______ water to ______ water makes the air molecules gain energy, leading to the molecules moving _______.
cold, hot, faster
What exhausts do hydrogen-carbon based fuels produce?
H2O and CO2
Which bond is shorter, P-F or P-Br? Why?
P-F; fluorine has fewer energy levels/shells than bromine.
How many neutrons are emitted when fission occurs?
3
What kind of energy is used to describe the movement of that substance?
Kinetic energy
What kind of engine is in commercial vehicles (cars) that use hydrogen fuel?
Hydrogen fuel cell
What exhaust does liquid hydrogen not produce that gasoline does?
CO2
Why does Br2 have a longer bond length than H2?
Bromine atoms have more energy levels/shells than hydrogen atoms.
How many protons and neutrons does the following atom have?
9236Kr
36 protons and 56 neutrons
What kind of energy is used to describe energy that is being stored within a substance?
Potential energy
How did we produce hydrogen gas without producing any greenhouse gasses in a lab experiment?
Water electrolysis
Why does burning one mole of gasoline (C8H18) result in a higher energy output than burning one mole of hydrogen fuel (H2) in a combustion reaction?
Since gasoline contains more atoms within a single molecule it will have more bonds to break; since there are more bonds to break it will take more energy going into the system. With this being an exothermic reaction, more energy must go out than what went in, so that will result in a higher energy output.
Why is the H-H bond stronger than the Br-Br bond?
The H-H bond length is shorter, meaning that it has a stronger attraction.
What is an isotope?
Two forms of the same element that have different masses (numbers of neutrons)
Describe the kinetic energy of a chemical reaction that is neither endothermic or exothermic.
The energy going into the system to break the bonds of the reactants equals the amount of energy going out of the system after the bonds of the products are made, so the energy remains constant.
What do you need to know to calculate the amount of energy released from breaking a H2O apart?
The bond energy of two O-H bonds.
Why does burning one gram of hydrogen fuel (H2) result in a higher energy output than burning one gram of gasoline (C8H18) in a combustion reaction?
Hydrogen has a much smaller molar mass than gasoline; since it is so light, more hydrogen molecules can fit within one gram. When there are more molecules, there are more bonds to break which requires more energy to go into the system. With this being an exothermic reaction, more energy must go out than what went in, so that will result in a higher energy output.
What is the molar mass (grams/mole) of carbon dioxide (CO2)? Hint: use the periodic table.
12 + (16 x 2) = 44 g/mol
What is a nuclear chain reaction?
Subatomic particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons) get ejected. These particles knock into the nuclei of other atoms, which can knock off more and more protons and neutrons.