Cardiac cycle
What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle
Systole and diastole
Which nervous system controls the heart’s response to changing body needs?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the formula for cardiac output?
CO= Heart rate x Stroke Volume
What is another name for end diastolic volume
Preload
Which type of heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs?
Left sided heart failure
What is the term for one complete heartbeat
Cardiac cycle
Name the effect of sympathetic stimulation of heart rate
Increases heart rate
What is the average heart rate for an adult?
72 beats per minute
Define afterload
Resistance caused by blood pressure
What is a common cause of left sided heart failure?
Chronic hypertension or
Myocardial infarction
Which phase of the cardiac cycle refers to contraction?
Systole
What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the strength of myocardial contraction?
No effect
Name one factor that influences stroke volume
Starling’s law of the heart
Define Iontropic effect
Change in myocardial contraction not caused by stretch
Which heart failure causes blood to back up into the vein that returns blood to the heart?
Right sided heart failure
Which phase of the cardiac cycle refers to relaxation of the heart?
Diastole
Which nerve is responsible for parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
Vagus nerve
Define cardiac reserve
The heart’s ability to increase output during increased activity
A change in myocardial contraction not caused by stretch is called
Inotropic effect
What is jugular vein distention a symptom of?
Right sided heart failure
How does systole and diastole work together to maintain circulation?
Systole pumps blood out and diastole allows the heart to fill with blood
How does sympathetic stimulation affect the conduction speed of cardiac impulses?
It increases the speed
What term describes the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle per beat
Stroke volume
This is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries as the heart contracts
Blood pressure
How does forward failure affect systemic circulation?
It decreases cardiac output leading to systemic symptoms