Fluids
numbness and tingling of fingers, mouth, or feet, tetany, muscle cramps and seizures
signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
Nausea/vomiting, constipation, bone pain, excessive urination, thirst, confusion, lethargy, and slurred speech
This is the major anion in the ECF. maintains fluid balance and produces hydrochloric acid
Chloride
What IV solutions are considered Hypotonic and used to treat hypernatremia?
1/3 and 1/2 strength NS
which two vitamins are water soluble?
Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins
what does bicarbonate do in the body?
regulates acid-base balance (sodium bicarbonate)
What type of solution is considered Hypertonic?
5% dextrose in lactated ringers or normal saline
Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia
restlessness, weakness, disorientation, delusions/hallucinations
how is calcium regulated in the body?
by parathyroid and thyroid (more specifically parathyroid hormone and calcitonin from thyroid)
Risk factors for excess fluid volume
renal failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, Cushing's, taking corticosteroids
signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia
muscle weakness, tremors, tetany, mental status changes, respiratory paralysis, and heart block
signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)?
weakness, dizziness, rapid weight loss, little urine output, confusion, lethargy, low blood pressure, cool & clammy skin
what are hypertonic solutions used to replace?
replaces electrolytes
signs and symptoms of hypokalemia
muscle weakness, leg cramps, fatigue, dysrhythmias, and paresthesia
Name the 3 major anions in the body
chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate