Advanced Fluids
Name the tonicity of 5% dextrose in water
Hypotonic
Define the differences between community nursing and public health nursing
Community health nursing focuses on how the health of individuals, families, and groups impact the health of the whole community.
Public health nursing focuses on how the health of the community will affect the health of individuals, families, and groups.
What is the treatment for a sickling crisis?
managing pain through adequate rest and pain medication administration, ensuring proper hydration with intravenous fluids if needed, and promoting oxygenation by monitoring oxygen saturation levels and providing supplemental oxygen when necessary
If biopsy is the way to dx cancer, then what is the purpose of extensive imaging in cancer patients?
Looking for area of potential metastasis and to see if systemic treatment is working
What is the most common sign of SLE?
Butterfly rash
This kind of blood transfusion can present with fever, chills, headache, and chest pain
Febrile nonhemolytic reaction
Describe the heroic phase of disaster recovery
Intense excitement, concern for survival; often manifests itself as help from a outside area.
What kind of anemia directly causes neurological symptoms?
Pernicious anemia
What type of breast cancer is the most dangerous and why?
HER-2 positive breast cancer
Aggressive tumor growth, high chance of recurrence, and generally poor prognosis.
How is HIV transmitted?
The fluid from damaged tissue must come into direct contact with a mucous membrane or be injected directly into the bloodstream.
List three differences between TPN and PPN
TPN requires placement of a central line (PPN does not)
TPN is nutritionally complete (PPN is not)
PPN poses lesser risk of metabolic syndrome
PPN is for short term therapy (less than 1 week)
What level of prevention is this?
Providing an A1c to a client with a family history of diabetes who has a poor diet.
Secondary prevention; assessments due to risk factors are considered secondary.
What is the patho for DIC?
Characterized by excessive clot formation which over time turns into excessive bleeding, since the body has consumed/ used available clotting factors.
Who is considered "at risk" for colorectal cancer and what test would you recommend they get to confirm or rule out cancer?
Those with first-degree relative in whom CRC was diagnosed before age 60
Those with two first-degree relatives with CRC
No single risk factor accounts for most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC)
Why does a dx of SLE usually take so long?
Lupus is a difficult condition to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other conditions and can vary from person to person. A person is classified as having SLE if a 4 or more specific s/s are present serially or simultaneous during obersvation (see slides for specific criteria of s/s)
Explain why refeeding syndrome is dangerous
Spike in insulin after large intake of food after prolonged starvation causes massive electrolyte imbalances due to rapid electrolyte depletion.
Define distributive justice
Fair and appropriate distribution of benefits, risks, and costs within a society.
What are the s/s of aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia-
bleeding problems, increased risk of infection, dizziness
Why is the TNM system for staging cancer not useful when staging SCLC?
SCLC is an extremely aggressive lung cancer that is always considered to be systemic. It is only staged as limited or extensive with respect to how widespread the cancer is.
Name 3 patient teaching points regarding management of RA s/s at home
Use cold for inflammation, heat for stiffness (be cautious with patients w/ decreased sensitivity)
Conserve energy during exercise (little bits of exercise consistently is much better than harder exercise sessions)
Get lots of rest (usually 8-10 hours of sleep + daytime rest).
How does albumin work as a volume expander?
Albumin is a colloid that osmotically moves fluid from extracellular space to intracellular space.
List the 5 social determinants of health
Education access and quality
Healthcare access and quality
Neighborhood and built environment
Social and community context
Economic stability
What are three causes of chronic blood loss anemia?
GI problems that can cause slow bleeding ulcers (Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis)
Hemorrhoids
Menstrual blood loss
What are the main differences in how multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma affect the body?
Multiple Myeloma - Develops in the bone marrow & affects plasma cells.
Leukemias - originate in the bone marrow & spread through the bloodstream. Affect WBCs (myeloid & lymphoid cells).
Lymphomas - Originate in lymph nodes or spleen & spread through the lymphatic system.
What are the stages of an HIV infection?
Acute infection stage- HIV antibody test becomes positive
Seroconversion stage- body makes antibodies to HIV and viral load falls. Most infectious stage
Chronic asymptomatic stage- HIV replicates without symptoms until CD4 count begins to drop.
AIDS/ ADH stage- when CD4 count drops below 200 cells/mm^3