osteoporosis
what is osteoporosis
a bone disease where bone becomes weak, brittle, and lose mass and density making them prone to fractures.
what is osteoarthritis
most common, a degenerative joint disease that causes the breakdown of joint cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling.
what is pneumonia
a lung infection that inflames the air sacs causing them to fill with fluid or pus which can lead to symptoms like cough fever chills and shortness of breath.
type 2 diabetes
a chronic condition where the body doesnt use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar levels it is resistant to insulin the pancreas cant produce enough
intermediate acting insulin
background insulin (nph) provides steady release of insulin to manage blood sugar levels thought the day and night.
clinical manifestations of osteoporosis
curved posture, back pain, fractures,
clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis
joint pain that worsens with activity and stiffening of the joint after resting, tenderness, crackling, reduced range of motion.
risk factors for pneumonia
children under 2, older adults, copd, heart, kidney or liver disease, diabetes, sickle cell disease, weakened immune system, smoking, sedentary lifestyle
insulin
regulates blood sugar, acting like a key to let sugar into cells for energy or storage.
what is hyperglycemia
high blood sugar occurring when the body doesnt produce enough insulin or cant use it well.
risk factors for osteoporosis
older adults, females, estrogen loss, family history, Caucasian and Asian, medical conditions, medical history.
risk factors for osteoarthritis
obesity, joint stress, poor nutrition, older adults, family history, genetics, other medical conditions.
clinical manifestations of pneumonia
cough with mucous (yellow, green, bloody) fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue rapid pulse.
long acting insulin
slow release of insulin 16-40 hours to manage sugar between meals and overnight. (glargine, detemir)
clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia
increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision headache, hunger, dry mouth
interventions for osteoporosis
promote a safe environment, prevent falls, manage pain, educate lifestyle modifications proper nutrients and exercise.
interventions for osteoarthritis
physical activity, weight management, pain relievers, assistive devices
interventions for pneumonia
deep breathing, positioning, humidify air, mobility, suctioning, hydrate, meds, oxygen.
short acting insulin
taken 30 minutes before eating for post meal glucose spikes. (regular, humulin, novolin)
risk factors of hyperglycemia
obesity, high carb diet, no physical activity, stress, smoking, genetics, cushing syndrome, diabetes.
PTH
parathyroid hormone regulates blood calcium levels by increasing calcium in the blood when its too low.
calcitonin
produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and lowering them treats osteoporosis.
type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas leading to severe lack of insulin which regulates sugar.
rapid acting insulin
works within 15 minutes peaks between 1-3 hours and last 3-7 hours (lispro, aspart)
interventions for hyperglycemia
administer insulin, iv fluids, electrolytes, educate on diet, encourage exercise, foot care.