Urinary Elimination
What organs does urine travel through, in order, before leaving the body?
kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra;
What term describes fewer than 3 bowel movements per week, often with hard, dry stool?
constipation
What scale is used to assess a patient's risk for developing a pressure injury?
Braden Scale
What are the 3 macronutrients?
protein, carbohydrates, and fat
A patient leaks urine whenever she coughs, laughs, or sneezes. What type of incontinence is this?
stress incontinence
What type of incontinence occurs when the bladder does not completely empty and eventually becomes overfilled?
overflow incontinence;
What diagnostic test examines the colon using a flexible scope?
colonoscopy
What type of wound drainage is thin and pink because it contains both serum and blood?
serosanguineous
Which organ absorbs most nutrients from digested food?
small intestine
A patient has a pressure injury with intact skin and nonblanchable redness. What stage is it?
Stage 1 pressure injury
What urinary diagnostic test measures how much urine remains in the bladder after the patient urinates?
postvoid residual
Name 3 medications or medication classes from your material that can contribute to constipation
Examples include antacids, anticholinergics/antispasmodics, antiseizure medications, calcium-channel blockers, diuretics, iron, anti-Parkinson medications, narcotics, or antidepressants
A surgical incision opens, and the wound edges separate, but no organs are protruding. What complication has occurred?
dehiscence
What is the difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition?
Enteral uses the GI tract, while parenteral feeding does not
A patient with dysphagia is eating lunch. What position should the nurse place the patient in to reduce aspiration risk?
upright at 90°
A patient feels a sudden, intense need to urinate but begins leaking before reaching the bathroom. What type of incontinence is this?
urge incontinence
A patient is having frequent, loose, watery stools throughout the day. Besides infection, what type of factor in your material can increase the risk of this problem?
dietary factors
A pressure injury has full-thickness tissue loss with exposed muscle. What stage should the nurse document?
Stage 4
A patient receiving enteral feeding is at risk for aspiration. At what angle should the nurse maintain the head of the bed during the feeding?
HOB 30–45°
A wound has moderate drainage and needs an absorbent dressing that also provides cushioning. Which type of dressing is most appropriate?
foam dressing
A patient is unable to completely empty their bladder. If this problem is left untreated, name 3 complications that can occur
UTI, kidney damage, and incontinence.
A nurse is caring for a patient with constipation. Name 3 nursing approaches from your course material that can help manage altered bowel elimination.
lifestyle changes, bowel training, and agents that stimulate a bowel movement
A wound has heavy exudate and needs a highly absorbent dressing. Which dressing should the nurse anticipate using?
alginate
A patient receiving parenteral nutrition requires frequent blood glucose monitoring. What complication is the nurse monitoring for?
blood glucose abnormalities
A postoperative abdominal incision opens, and internal organs protrude through the wound. Name the complication and the nurse's immediate priority action
evisceration