Electrolytes
This is the normal value of Sodium
134-145
K+ 2.2
Hypokalemia
Your patient may eat a banana to treat this
Hypokalemia
This type of fluid has more particles than fluids
Hypertonic
Citrus, broccoli, brussels sprouts and tomatoes provide high levels of this
Vitamin C
This is the normal value of Potassium
3.5-5
These are symptoms of hyponatremia
•Confusion, lethargy, weakness
•Muscle cramping
•Seizures
•Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Breads, cereals, chips, cheese, processed meats such as lunch meats, hot dogs, bacon, ham
Foods high in sodium
This fluid has fewer particles to fluid
Hypotonic
This is the best way to verify NG tube placement
X-Ray
This is the normal value for Calcium
9-10.5
These are symptoms of hyperkalemia
•Anxiety, irritability, confusion
•Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis
•Paresthesia
•GI hyperactivity, diarrhea, abdominal cramping
Leafy greens, Sardines an Dairy
Foods high in Calcium
Fluids move to maintain this
Homeostasis
This is inserted through the nostril, down the nasopharynx into the alimentary tract
NG Tube
This is the normal range for Magnesium
1.5-2.5
You will expect to see Positive trousseau’s and chvostek’s signs and hyporeflexia (decreased DTR) with this imbalance.
Hypomagnesemia
Legumes, Soy products, salmon, leafy greens
Foods rich in Magnesium
Fluids shift back and forth through these
Cell walls and vessel walls
Placed surgically through stomach wall
PEG Tube
Sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and hydrogen (H+)
Major cations
•Lethargy, stupor, coma
•Depressed deep muscle strength & tone
•Dysrhythmias
•Anorexia, nausea and vomiting
•Constipation
•Pathological fractures
•Kidney stones
Your patient had surgery 3 days ago and states she has not had a bowel movement since surgery. This is the type of diet you instruct your patient to eat.
High Fiber
The movement of fluids is this
Osmosis
This is how you measure the depth of insertion for an NG Tube
Tip of the nose to ear lobe down to the xyphoid process