Language
These are the smallest units of sounds
What are phenomes?
This trait, one of the Big Five, reflects how sociable, outgoing, and energetic a person is.
What is Extraversion?
This term describes the interaction between inherited biological traits and environmental experiences in shaping human development.
What is the nature vs. nurture debate?
This is the process whereby one person’s behaviour is affected by the words or actions of others.
What is social influence?
This type of attachment is characterised by infants who tolerate brief separations, are happy upon reunion, and are receptive to comfort.
What is secure attachment?
This term refers to the rules for organizaing words and phrases into sentences.
What is syntax?
Freud believed that human behaviour is driven by these two fundamental instincts.
What are the aggressive drive and the sexual (libido) drive?
These are involuntary, unlearned motor behaviours observed in newborns, such as grasping and sucking.
What are reflexes?
This refers to mental processes associated with people’s perceptions of and reactions to other people.
What is social cognition?
This parenting style is high in both demandingness and responsiveness, and is associated with positive child outcomes.
What is authoritative parenting?
This term refers to a variety of signal, including body language, gestures, touch, and facial expressions.
What is nonverbal communication?
This theory emphasises the role of learned behaviours, expectations, and beliefs in shaping personality, and includes concepts like self-efficacy and reciprocal determinism.
What is the social-cognitive theory of personality?
This stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory is characterised by egocentrism, animism, and a lack of conservation.
What is the preoperational stage?
These terms reflect the ABC (Affective, Behavioural, & Cognitive) components of The Self.
What are our self-esteem, self-presentation, and self-concept?
This psychologist proposed eight stages of psychosocial development, each defined by a central conflict across the lifespan.
Who is Erik Erikson?
He is the linguist that argued that language consists of surface structure and deep structure.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
According to this approach, personality traits are conceptualised as continua and can be empirically measured, often using self-report methods.
What is the trait theory of personality?
This psychologist argued that cognitive abilities are shaped by social interactions and culture, and that children develop mental representations called scripts.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
Asch’s line comparison study demonstrated this type of influence.
What is normative influence (and it produced public conformity)?
This moral reasoning stage involves following universal ethical principles such as justice and respect for human life.
What is Stage 6 of Kohlberg’s postconventional level?
This rule states that your contribution to a conversation should be as informaitve as necessary, but no more informative than appropriate.
What is Grice's maxim of quantity?
This concept refers to an internalised and evolving story of the self that explains how a person came to be who they are and who they are becoming
What is narrative identity?
These two pathological features—plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—are associated with the most common form of dementia.
What are the features of Alzheimer’s disease?
Mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome in this social dilemma scenario.
What is the prisoner’s dilemma game?
This concept refers to the mental representations formed in early relationships that shape expectations of others' behaviour in future social interactions.
What are internal working models?