NUTRITION
Which meal meets clear liquid diet requirements?
A) Orange juice and scrambled eggs
B) Broth and apple juice
B) Broth and apple juice
Which is a common sign of dehydration?
Dry mucous membranes (or thirst, tachycardia).
Normal blood pH range:
7.40 (7.35–7.45 compensation)
Name one risk factor for pressure injuries.
Immobility, moisture, poor nutrition, etc.
What is a “time-out” in the OR?
A final verification of correct patient, site, and procedure.
A patient on aspiration precautions should:
A) Drink through a straw
B) Sit upright during meals
B) Sit upright during meals
Match the electrolyte to its function:
Which electrolyte is essential for nerve/muscle conduction?
Potassium (K⁺).
ABG shows: pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50. Is this respiratory or metabolic?
Respiratory acidosis.
A reddened area that does not blanch is which stage?
Stage 1.
Which pre-op teaching point is correct?
A) “Stop eating 8 hours before surgery.”
B) “You should remove all jewelry.”
B) “You should remove all jewelry.”
Before giving enteral tube feedings, what is the FIRST step?
Verify tube placement
A patient with prolonged vomiting is likely to have which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypokalemia.
A patient has been vomiting for 2 days. What imbalance is expected?
Metabolic alkalosis.
Which describes friction vs shear?
Scenario: Skin slides across sheets when patient is pulled up.
Shear injury.
A post-op patient has crackles, fever, and shallow breathing. What complication is most likely?
Atelectasis or pneumonia.
A dysphagia patient is served steak, corn, and thin liquids. What should the nurse do?
Remove unsafe items; request modified-texture diet.
Which IV fluid is appropriate for hypovolemia?
A) 0.9% NS
B) D5W
A — isotonic fluid resuscitation.
ABG: pH 7.29, HCO₃ 16, PaCO₂ 38.
What is the imbalance?
Metabolic acidosis.
Which is the MOST effective pressure injury prevention measure?
Repositioning a minimum of every 2 hours.
What is the FIRST priority assessment in PACU?
Airway and respirations (ABCs).
A malnourished patient has a low albumin and poor wound healing. What nutritional intervention is priority?
High-protein, high-calorie diet with supplements.
A patient has peaked T waves on ECG. What electrolyte imbalance is likely?
Hyperkalemia — priority cardiac monitoring.
A patient with severe metabolic acidosis is breathing rapidly (Kussmaul breathing). What is the nurse’s FIRST priority?
Assess circulation and treat underlying cause (often sepsis/renal failure).
A patient has a Braden score of 9. What is the priority intervention?
Implement high-risk prevention bundle immediately: repositioning, support surfaces, moisture control.
A fresh post-op patient has a rapidly increasing abdominal girth, ecchymosis, low BP, and tachycardia. What is the priority?
Suspect hemorrhage → notify surgeon and prepare for interventions (IVs, O2, vital signs, return to the OR).