Respiratory Assessment
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right Lung: 3 lobes
Left Lung: 2 Lobes
What is the normal rate of breath for an adult?
12-20 breaths per minute
NAME THE 4 INFECTIOUS AGENTS
BACTERIA
FUNGI
VIRUSES
PARASITES
touching or contact with a patient's blood or saliva
direct contact
This stage of pressure ulcer is characterized by full-thickness skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.
What is Stage IV?
What is the normal range for pulse oximetry?
Would this be consistent for a patient with COPD?
Normal Range: 95%-100%
No, they would have a much lower resting SpO2 but above 88%
Where does pulmonary circulation return oxygen to?
Where does bronchial circulation return oxygen to?
(Hint: everything needs oxygen to function)
Pulmonary: to the body
Bronchial: to the lungs
A patient is in the ER with an infection of E. coli. The patient has a colostomy bag and recently ate raw meat. What is the likely reservoir of the infection?
What is food: the raw meat?
symptoms often are severe and soon after intial infection occurs
acute infection
This phase of wound healing involves the formation of new tissue.
What is the proliferative phase?
If a patient tells you they are coughing, what would be the most appropriate question to ask first?
Are you coughing up anything? If so describe it
What is the purpose of surfactant?
Helps lower surface tension and allows for easier expansion of lungs
The common mode of transmission for the COVID-19 virus.
What is droplet transmission?
Occurs when a person has PREVIOUSLY contracted a disease AND recovered
Naturally acquired Immunity
This type of wound is characterized by a partial or complete tear of the skin.
What is a laceration?
If a patient is unable to sit up, what is the proper way to examine their lungs?
Roll patient to one side and examine posterior thorax and lungs
What is the difference between perfusion and ventilation?
Perfusion: blood flowing to places in the lungs where gas exchange can occur
Ventilation: getting gas into the lungs and all of the structures
The stage in an infection from the onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific signs and symptoms. This is when the patient can spread disease to others.
What is the Prodromal Stage?
guidelines based o treating ALL human blood and body fluids as infectious
universal precations
This is the outermost layer of the skin.
What is the epidermis?
When auscultating the lungs, how would you move the diaphragm?
From side to side to compare both lungs
What is the pneumonia and the objective data?
Def: Inflammation of the alveoli and the bronchioles of the lungs- causing to fluid in the alveolar spaces
Obj data: SOB, diminished and adventitious breath sounds, hypoxia, fever, productive cough, chest pain, tachycardia, and tachypnea
a person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen
susceptible host
antigen
This layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.
What is the dermis?
What positions of the bed allows for maximum chest expansion?
Semi-Fowler's or High Fowler's
What is COPD and the objective data?
Def: Disorders that result in chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in pulmonary airways-third leading cause of death
Obj data: cough (productive or non-productive), cyanosis, barrel chest, tripod breathing, altered blood gas reading, hypoxemia, and hypercapnea
a place where microorganisms normally live and reproduce
reservoir
List 4 healthcare acquired illnesses
CLABSI
CAUTI
MRSA
VRE
C-DIFF
HAPI
This type of wound drainage is thin, watery, and clear or slightly yellow.
What is serous drainage?
What is the highest pulmonary risk for a bedrest patient and what prevention would help mitigate this?
Risk: pneumonia
Promote lung exercises i.e cough and deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometer use
What is Asthma and the objective data?
Def: chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that leads to airway obstruction
Obj: wheezing, dyspnea, decreased O2 sat, coughing
strength of a pathogens ability to cause disease
virulence
Endemic
This serious complication involves the protrusion of internal organs through a wound.
What is evisceration?