🍄 Fungi
What is the main function of a fungal fruiting body?
Spore production and dispersal
What type of life cycle is characteristic of nearly all animals?
Gametic life cycle
Which germ layer develops into central nervous system?
Ectoderm
Which cells generate water currents and capture food in sponges?
Choanocytes
What three main body parts characterize molluscs?
Foot, visceral mass, and mantle
Which evolutionary supergroup includes both fungi and animals?
Amorphea -> Opisthokonta
Which group includes both molluscs and annelids?
Lophotrochozoa
In protostomes, what does the blastopore typically become?
Mouth
What are the two major body forms of cnidarians?
Polyp and medusa
Which group of flatworms lacks a digestive system?
Tapeworms
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
By secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients
Which animal phylum has radial symmetry and two germ layers?
Cnidaria
Which animal group has a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening?
Cnidaria
What specialized cells do cnidarians use for prey capture and defense?
Cnidocytes containing nematocysts
Which excretory organs are found in flatworms?
Protonephridia
Starting with plasmogamy, what is the correct sequence of events in fungal sexual reproduction?
Plasmogamy (n+n) → Karyogamy (2n) → Meiosis → Spores (1n)
Which developmental group typically exhibits spiral and determinate cleavage?
Protostomia
Which animal phylum is triploblastic but acoelomate?
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
What type of digestive process occurs in sponges?
Intracellular digestion
Which molluscan class has a reduced head and primarily filter-feeds?
Bivalvia
How do mycorrhizae benefit both fungi and plants?
Plants provide sugars, fungi improve water and mineral absorption.
Which animal phylum has segmented bodies and a true coelom?
Annelida
Which molluscan group has a closed circulatory system and a highly developed nervous system?
Cephalopoda
Which cnidarian group alternates between polyp and medusa stages?
Hydrozoa
What type of circulatory system is found in most molluscs?
Open circulatory system