Vocabulary
What is 'Barter'?
When you are exchanging goods for goods (no money!)
What event happened in 1670 that was supposed to stop tensions between Britain and France?
Britain took over New France
What did the Indigenous want in the fur trade?
Metal goods: knives, guns, pots, copper wire, etc.
What was The Great Peace treaty?
A treaty between French, Wendat, and Haudenosaunee
What was the most used transportation in the Fur Trade?
Canoes
Who are 'Metis'?
The children of Europeans and Indigenous
Where was HBC located? Where was NWC located?
HBC - Rupert's Land/North Canada
NWC - South Canada/North USA
- Showed them how to find food
- Showed them how to make medicine
- Showed them how to dress warm
- Showed them transportation
- Shared knowledge of land
- Helped with trade deals/negotiate
- Create a workforce for the Europeans
What were the role of voyageurs?
To travel into the wilderness (West) to trade with Indigenous and then transport the goods back to Montreal
Why were canoes valuable in the fur trade?
They were quick, light, and lasted a long good when transporting goods across the wilderness.
Who are 'Canadiens'?
They are the descendants (children) of Francophones in Canada
The NWC was formed by French fur traders from Montreal. This company was mostly Voyageurs and Metis
What was one of the roles of Indigenous women in the fur trade?
- They prepared the furs
- They did all the housework during hunting trips
- They went on the trading trips with the men
- They acted as guides/interpreters
Who were the French's closest Indigenous ally and what happened to them?
The Wendat.
They were attacked by Haudenosaunee and many of the people were killed to stop them from helping the French in the fur trade.
What was the role of Merchants in the Fur Trade?
They financed and organized the fur trade. They brought over goods from Europe and shipped furs back to Europe.
What is a 'Portage'?
The land between rivers that voyageurs needed to carry their canoes over
What is one of the effects of competition between the HBC and the NWC?
- Rival traders got physical (fights, shootings, kidnapping)
- Indigenous trappers were threatened for their furs
- Relationships between Indigenous trappers and European traders became tense.
Why did many Indigenous groups have to move West?
European overhunting meant there were very little resources left in the East
Who introduced mercantilism to New France?
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
What animal was almost hunted to extinction on the Prairies of Canada?
What does 'Ethnocentrism' mean?
The belief that your race/group of people are superior
How were French (NWC) and British (HBC) different when it came to trading with Indigenous?
The NWC sent out voyageurs to trade with the Indigenous, while the HBC expected Indigenous to come to them
Name one positive and one negative way that Europeans and Indigenous impacted each other
Positive: Learned new things/ways of doing things, borrowed technologies, created respect/alliances
Negative: disease, loss of land/traditions for Indigenous.
Why did the French want to create the NWC?
To compete/rebel against Britain who had taken over New France
What happened to the NWC?
The HBC combined with the NWC.