Vocab
What is a ribosome?
A ribosome is a cell organelle composed of RNA and proteins.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What plant did Gregor Mendel use? Why?
Gregor Mendel used the garden pea plant. He used this because he had studied garden pea plants before, so they seemed like a good choice. They can also self pollinate.
What is a protein?
A protein is a large molecule that have one or more chains of amino acids.
What is a gene?
set of instructions for an inherited trait.
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
How did Watson and Crick find out DNA's structure?
Watson and Crick concluded that DNA must look like a long twisted ladder. They then made a model of DNA by using simple materials from their laboratory.
What is heredity?
Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
How many amino acids make a protein?
3 amino acids make a protein.
What is an allele?
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.
How does DNA make a copy of itself (replication)
During replication, a DNA molecule is split down the middle, where the bases meet. The bases on each side of the molecule are used as a pattern for a new strand. The old strand is exposed, so complementary nucleotides are added to each side of the ladder.
What is a phenotype and genotype?
A phenotype is an organism's appearance. A genotype is the entire genetic makeup of an organism.
How do mutations happen?
Mutations happen because of random errors when DNA is copied. This can be an improved trait, no change, or a harmful trait.
What is a punnet square's uses?
Punnet squares are used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from parents.
What is DNA?
DNA is a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the info that determines the traits that a living thing inherits in and needs to live.
How does the information in the DNA code become a protein?
DNA makes a copy of itself called RNA, which moves into the cytoplasm to a ribosome where amino acids are joined together to make a protein.
What is genetic counseling?
If people are worried that they might pass a disease to their children, they may consult a genetic counselor. These counselors usually make a diagram called a pedigree.
How are proteins related to traits?
Proteins are found throughout cells and cause most of the differences that you can see among organisms.
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is a copying process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosomes.
What is RNA?
RNA is a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production.
What are the four nucleotides of DNA?
The four nucleotides of DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
What are the 6 steps of mitosis?
1. Each chromosome is copied.
2. The chromosomes thicken and shorten.
3.The nuclear membrane is dissolved. Chromatids line up along equator
4.The chromatids pull apart.
5.The nuclear membrane forms around the seperated chromatids.
6. The result is two identical copies of an original cell.
What helps make proteins?
RNA helps make proteins.
What is the complementary pair of
AAATAGCGCTATCG?
The complementary pair is TTTACGCATAGC