Intelligence & Motivation
What is the set point theory of body weight?
the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight so that losing weight is really difficult
Briefly describe type A and B personality.
Type A: anxious, angry, sense of urgency
Type B: easygoing and relaxed
What are the common characteristics of mental disorder?
Harmful and disturbing to the individual
Disturbing to others
Unusual
Irrational
Doctors give diagnosis based on what?
DSM-5
Describe the meaning of cognitive dissonance and how people usually deal with it.
People's thinking and acting contradict each other and people will try to change the thoughts because it's easier.
Give a biopsychosocial analysis of stress eating.
Bio: cortisol increase, ghrelin and orexin increase
Psycho: feeling stressful - need something to fill in
Social: others eating - group fitting
Explain why amusement park is a good choice for dating using the two-factor theory of emotion or the misattribution effect.
Physical arousal: excitement
Cognitive appraisal: (correct) because of the rollar coaster; (false belief) because of love
What do we mean by the diathesis-stress model? Please use an example to illustrate.
Genetic predispositions + environmental stressors
How does the labeling effect influence patients' recover?
Thinking that they are ill and they will automatically treat themselves in a way that everyone else should take care of them, and attribute every mistake to the mental disorder.
Illustrate the difference between stereotype, prejudice and discrimination.
Stereotype: a descriptive label attached to a group of people
Prejudice: Showing your dislike from a superior perspective to a group of inferior people
Discrimination: act on your prejudice and treat a group of people unfairly
Explain the difference between crystalized and fluid intelligence, and the trend with age increases.
Crystalized: knowledge and facts, gradually increase with age.
Fluid: the soft skills to solve problems, reaching the peak at 20s and then decreases.
ego: balance between id and superego, promise to do homework after 2 hours of video game
superego: strict rules - doing homework asap
Please explain each of the following mental disorders: OCD, BDD and PTSD.
OCD: repetitive thoughts and behaviors
BDD: enlarging a tiny defect of appearance and becoming super anxious about it
PTSD: daytime flashbacks and nightmares about traumatic memory
Describe the difference between:
psychiatrist
psychological counselor
therapists
psychiatrist: medical doctors
psychological counselor: talk therapy outside hospital
therapists: talk therapy in hospital
Use the following strategies to persuade your parents buy you a Lamborghini.
Foot-in-the-door
Door-in-the face
Mere exposure effect
Role playing
Foot-in-the-door: buy a $10,000, $50,000 gift first
Door-in-the face: buy a $1,000,000,000 gift first
Mere exposure effect: keep saying the same thing
Role playing: playing a wastrel
Use the Stergberg's triarchic theory to analyze yourself.
Creative
Practical
O: openness
C: conscientiousness
E: extraversion
A: agreeableness
N: neuroticism
Describe the personality disorders in cluster B.
APD: lack of empathy
BPD: stormy temper and relationship
NPD: overly addressing of the importance of self
HPD: exaggerated action in front of others
1. What is the common symptom for all schizophrenic patients?
2. What is the positive and negative symptom?
3. What is the biological reason of schizophrenia?
1. disordered, distorted thinking
2. positive: delusion and hallucination; negative: flat affect and social withdrawal
3. high dopamine level
Use the same example to illustrate the difference of the four terms:
Fundamental Attribution Error
Actor-observer bias
Self-serving bias
Just-world bias
Fundamental Attribution Error: attributing others' mistake as personal factors, not situational
Actor-observer bias: attributing one's own mistake as situational and others' mistake as personal
Self-serving bias: attributing one's own success as personal and failure as situational
Just-world bias: attributing good result to good people and vise versa
Use Howard Gardner's 8 elements of intelligence to analyze yourself.
Linguistic
Spatial
Naturalist
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Musical
Bodily-kinesthetic
Choose any 5 of the defense mechanisms to predict student's behavior after failing an exam.
repression:
regression:
denial:
displacement:
projection:
reaction formation:
rationalization:
intellectualization:
sublimation:
Describe the symptoms of each mental disorder:
SSD, DID, PPD, ASD, DPD
SSD: physical problem without any identifiable physical cause
DID: multiple personality and self-identity
PPD: always think other people are going to hurt them, feeling suspicious and mistrusted
ASD: lack of social and emotional contact and narrow interest
DPD: rely too much on others
Psychoanalysis: authoritative, viewing disorders as the result of traumatic childhood. Therapists try to maintain an objective way without emotion so that clients could possibly feel indifferent. (expert-seeking clients)
CBT: practical and efficient, viewing disorders as the result of irrational thoughts and repeated behaviors. Therapists could be too structured and assigning homework. (clients who prefer concrete behavioral change with limited time and money)
Humanistic: view human nature in an optimistic way and believe that clients have their own strength to reach full potential. Could be inefficient and slow. (clients who want unconditional acceptance)
Use examples from G10 Psychology to explain the following terms: social facilitation, social loafing, social norms, group polarization, deindividuation, groupthink
social facilitation: teachers' observation boost students performance during presentation
social loafing: a student did 0% in a group project
social norms: empathy
group polarization: students make extreme decisions and decides to kill someone
deindividuation: all students beat Chloe thinking that they will not get recognized
groupthink: all students agree to the same idea but each of them has their own unique thought