Political Revolutions
What intellectual movement influenced 18th-century political revolutions?
the Enlightenment
Which estate represented the common people in pre-revolutionary France?
3rd Estate
What was one major reason the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?
access to navigable rivers and ports, colonies, agricultural revolution
Napoleon rose to power through what method?
a coup d’état
What was the primary cause of France’s economic crisis before the Revolution?
excessive military spending and debt.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed in the concept of the social contract?
John Locke
The Tennis Court Oath was significant because it showed the unity of which group?
The 3rd Estate
The Enclosure Acts primarily affected which group?
Small farmers and peasants
The storming of the Bastille was significant for what reason?
marking the start of the French Revolution
Which Industrial Revolution act mandated limited working hours for children and required schooling for some workers?
Factory Act of 1833
The phrase "No taxation without representation" refers to American colonists' objection to what?
lack of representation in British Parliament
Who led the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
Capitalism during the Industrial Revolution was characterized by what?
What is private ownership and minimal government interference?
According to Karl Marx, what was the inevitable outcome of class struggle?
the working class overthrowing the ruling class
What was a feature of Napoleon's education reforms under the Napoleonic Code?
the establishment of a centralized school system under state control
What was a main economic cause of the American Revolution?
the Stamp Act
What was a direct result of the financial crisis in France in 1788? (what event happened?)
the call for the Estates-General
What was one major environmental impact of the Industrial Revolution in England?
severe pollution from coal-burning factories
Which strategy was not used in the suffrage movement?
What is violent attacks on government officials?
Which system of government was established after the execution of Louis XVI during the French Revolution?
French Republic
What distinguishes a political revolution from a non-political revolution?
A political revolution changes the structure of government, while a non-political revolution focuses on societal or technological changes
Which event during the French Revolution marked the radical phase of the revolution, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror?
The execution of King Louis XVI and the establishment of the First French Republic in 1793 marked the radical phase of the revolution, which eventually led to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre.
What was the primary goal of the labor reform movement?
reducing work hours and improving conditions for workers
Which group led the March on Versailles demanding bread during the French Revolution?
Women (Commoners)
Name 5 countries that border France.
Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, Switzerland