People
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
The Columbian Exchange
22,000 years ago, what event happened that allowed people to enter into America?
Ice Age
What were three difficulties the men at Jamestown faced?
starvation
trouble with local Native Americans
landed in a swamp
"gentlemen" refused to work and only wanted to search for gold
diseases
cold
What was the "brown gold" of Jamestown?
This person was kicked out of Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island for religious freedom.
Roger Williams
The first representative government in colonial America.
The House of Burgesses
This battle had the "shot heard round the world," and was the start of the American Revolution.
The Battle of Lexington
What were three conditions of the middle passage?
small cramped space
little food or clean water
little sunlight
terrible stench
diseases
high mortality rate
The passage of these laws resulted in colonists smuggling goods in and out of the colonies.
Who was the Frenchman who lobbied the French for reinforcements and helped plan the Battle of Yorktown?
Marquis de Lafayette
A system where anyone who paid for their own or another’s passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land
headright system
During this event, British soldiers shot into a crowd killing five people.
Boston Massacre
What were two differences between indentured servants and African slaves?
4-7 years of work vs. life
some servants had a choice vs. slaves having no choice
children of servants wouldn't automatically be servants vs. children of slaves born into slavery
white vs. black
Europeans vs. Africans
This battle was the turning point in the American Revolution. It convinced countries like France to aid the colonists.
The Battle of Saratoga
This person founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony and gave the famous "City Upon a Hill" sermon (speech).
John Winthrop
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms.
The Bill of Rights
Shays' Rebellion
What were two military strengths of the Patriots? What were two weaknesses?
Strengths: fought for causes they believed in; powerful military leader in George Washington; knew the terrain better
Weaknesses: untrained, poorly equipped soldiers; small navy; lack of funds; colonies struggled to unify and organize
What were three things that helped lead to the Age of Exploration?
Missionary Call
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
The Crusades
The Reformation
The Rise of Nations
New Technology
1. God 2. Gold 3. Glory
Who came up with the Great Compromise?
Roger Sherman
A system in which Spanish authorities granted colonial landlords the service of Native Americans as forced laborers.
encomienda
What officially ended the French and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris, 1763
What were three problems with the Articles of Confederation?
-Congress couldn't collect taxes
-Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of population
-9 out of 13 states needed to agree to pass a law
-13 out of 13 states needed to agree to amend (change) the articles
-There was no national military
-There was no executive branch (president) to enforce the laws
What...
Shut down Boston Harbor until colonists paid for the ruined tea.
Put in place the Quartering Act authorizing British commanders to house soldiers in private homes.
General Thomas Gage, Commander in Chief of British forces in America, was appointed the new governor of Massachusetts.
Put Boston under martial law
The Intolerable Acts