Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Fill in the blanks: Weathering ____. Erosion ____. Deposition ____.
Weathering "breaks it." Erosion "takes it." Deposition "drops it."
Which property describes how a mineral reflects light?
luster
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Igneous or sedimentary rocks are put under intense HEAT and PRESSURE.
What do you call the wide, flat area of ocean floor?
abyssal plain
When the magma chamber beneath a volcano is emptied, sometimes the volcano will collapse and form a large hole called a/ an ___.
caldera
List some different causes of physical weathering.
wind, water, glaciers, gravity, tree roots, etc...
hardness / Mohs Hardness Scales
Mrs. Turkey is hiking around a volcano, and she sees an igneous rock that has very small crystals. She wants to know what it is and why the crystals are so small. What would you tell her?
Which kind of map uses contour lines to show elevation?
a topographical map
How does the location of volcanoes compare to the location of earthquakes?
Most volcanoes and earthquakes are located near plate boundaries.
Give an example of chemical weathering.
acid rain breaking down stone
Explain the difference between color and steak.
"Color" describes the actual color of the surface of the mineral while "streak" describes the color of the mineral when ground into a powder.
List the 5 steps that lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks.
weathering -> erosion -> deposition -> compaction (squeezing) -> cementation (sticking together)
What kind of scientist was Alfred Wegener? Also, what country was he from?
What is the difference between the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Scale?
The Richter Scale measures magnitude, which is the amount of energy released by the quake.
The Mercalli Scale measures what people felt and what happened to objects.
Where do erosion and deposition happen in a meandering stream? Explain.
Erosion happens on the outside where the water moves faster. Deposition happens on the inside where the water moves slower.
"Cleavage" describes a mineral that breaks along smooth, flat layers while "fracture" describes a mineral that breaks along rough, uneven edges.
Give an example of an intrusive igneous rock and an extrusive igneous rock. (use examples that we discussed in class)
Intrusive: granite
Extrusive: basalt, obsidian, pumice
Give a real-world example of folded mountains.
The Himalayan Mountains
The waves will wash away the sides of the headland, forming an arch.
Small particles of soil and rock that get eroded/deposited are called ___.
sediment
Name the hardest (10) and softest (1) minerals on Mohs Hardness Scale.
10 - diamond / 1 - talc
How are limestone and marble related?
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that can be transformed into marble, a metamorphic rock, under intense heat and pressure.
The circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific is known as the ____
Ring of Fire
Fences are put up near the dunes to slow the wind speed.
Grasses are planted on the dunes. Their roots will hold the sand in place.