Unit 1 - Introduction to Science
This term describes a prediction made based on scientific knowledge and understanding.
A hypothesis
This scientific theory states that all living organisms are made up of cells, which are the basic units of life.
Cell Theory
These are the essential processes or characteristics that define living organisms, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. What is the general term called for these?
seven shared characteristics of life
This state of matter has a fixed shape and volume, with particles arranged closely in a fixed, rigid structure.
solid
These units are used to measure energy and include smaller and larger units commonly used in various applications.
Joules (J) or Kilojoules (kJ)
These two types of variables must be identified to plan a valid scientific investigation.
independent and dependent variables
These cell organelles are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP through respiration.
Mitochondria
These structures in plants are responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots and glucose from the leaves.
xylem and phloem
This process involves changing from a liquid to a gas and occurs when particles gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
evaporation or boiling
These sources of energy include solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
renewable energy
When planning an experiment, it's important to consider these to ensure valid evidence is obtained.
controlled variables
3 structures common to animal and plant cells.
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes.
This process involves the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to genetically diverse offspring in plants.
sexual reproduction
This type of substance consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
element/atom
This principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
The section of a laboratory report where you write a judgment on whether the data collected in an experiment is reliable and if further repetitions are necessary.
Evaluation
This term refers to the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and can be influenced by temperature and concentration gradients.
diffusion
These modifications allow plants to survive in various environments, such as thick leaves for water storage in arid regions.
adaptations
This term describes the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature, causing particles to move further apart.
thermal exapansion
This type of energy transfer occurs when a force moves an object over a distance, and it is calculated using the formula work done = force x distance.
work done (J or kJ)
In an experiment to investigate how different amounts of sunlight affect the growth rate of a particular plant species, students measure the height of the plants over a four-week period. They use three groups of plants: one group receives 8 hours of sunlight per day, another group receives 4 hours, and the last group receives no sunlight. What are 2 variables that need to be controlled?
species of plant
the amount of water
the soil type
the temperature
the pot size
initial height of the plants
This ratio can be calculated to understand the relationship between the surface area and volume of an object, crucial for understanding cell efficiency.
surface area to volume ratio.
Write a scientific questions that explores the idea o plants responding to an abiotic factor in their environment.
(Miss Rose will check/decide)
This technique is used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points and involves repeated condensation and vaporization.
fractional distillation
Determine the energy efficiency of the following refridgerator.
energy input 400kJ
sound output (wasted) 50kJ
heat output (wasted) 160kJ
cooling output (useful) 190kJ
Give a reason why/why not it is energy efficient.
53% energy wasted
not energy efficient as slightly more wasted energy as sound and heat.