vocab
mercantilism
economic theory that exports should exceed imports, and countries should save gold and silver
What was "triangular trade"? Who benefitted from it?
trade routes between Africa, the Americas, and England
England
What does "industrialization" mean?
machines in factories produce things
What is a "revolution"
an extreme change affecting people's lifestyles
What Enlightenment ideas shaped political changes in the 1700s?
The idea of Natural Rights - (human rights that should not depend on government)
republic
government in which citizens elect representatives to govern
How did industrialization encourage colonization?
It increased demand for raw materials (resources)
How did more industry lead to more cities?
Cities grew up near factories as people moved from farms to work in the factories
What type of government was formed after the American Revolution?
a republic
How did Enlightenment ideas conflict with a system of absolute monarchy?
Natural Rights are rights everyone is entitled to, which can't be taken away by the government
constitutional monarchy
government in which the monarch's powers are limited by the law (constitution)
What technology let Europeans begin transoceanic voyages? Where did the tech come from?
the magnetic compass from China
What is it called when more people move to cities?
urbanization
What kind of government did the National Assembly of France want to create?
Why did it fail?
a constitutional monarchy
the king refused to accept any limits on his power
How did industrialization popularize Enlightenment ideas?
More people lived in cities and could share/discuss information and ideas, new urban social classes wanted changes (more voice in government, and protection of human rights and workers' rights).
Utilitarianism
the idea that society should take actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
How did Spain replace the native rulers in the Americas?
through war and disease
How did industrialization lead to changes in society?
Factories and urbanization created a group of business owners (C students) who had money, but no voice in government
What kind of government was formed after the French Revolution?
a republic
What ideas are associated with Humanism?
The rights of the individual are important, and society should be governed based on reason not faith
mission
Spanish settlement in the Americas where natives were forced to work and convert to Christianity
What was the first European country to begin making long ocean voyages to get wealth from other places?
Portugal
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?????
England
What made the American government unique?
there was no monarch, and power was divided between 3 branches of government
Name an Enlightenment writer whose ideas were important in creating new types of government
John Locke