Renaissance and Scientific Revolution
The historical period where modern science emerged, with breakthroughs in math, science, astronomy, physics, biology, and many other fields.
The Scientific Revolution
A formula that provides the two solutions, or roots, to a certain type of mathematical equation.
Quadratic formula
This type of government had rulers who had no limits to their power:
Absolute monarchy
This economic policy concentrates economic decision-making on the government, and government therefore regulates trade in order to increase its exports and imports. The nation’s power, therefore, increased through trade.
mercantilism
At this point, science was turning to this as a means of obtaining data:
deducing results from observable data
This process starts with heat and fuel, which then leads to the oxygen igniting and creating fire.
Combustion
These two persons believed that no ruler should have unlimited power:
John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
According to the theories of Adam Smith, this guides the supply and demand of an economy; by looking out for yourself, you inadvertently cause everyone to benefit.
Invisible hand
Causes of the Renaissance (give three):
Gutenberg's printing press
The Black Death
Florentine families' arts patronage
The Fall of Constantinople
Translation of Ancient Greek and Roman texts
The Crusades
The rise of the spirit of inquiry
A branch of mathematics that deals with the possibility of random events:
Probability
The three branches of government, as advocated by Montesquieu:
executive, legislative, judiciary
In economics, this is what you miss when you choose one choice over another.
Opportunity cost
What happened in 1632, a commonly attributed starting point of the Scientific Revolution?
Galileo published his book about heliocentrism.
What did Heinrich Hertz find out about the nature of waves?
It was measurable, as seen in the electromagnetic spectrum
According to certain Enlightenment philosophers, all men have these three natural rights:
John Locke introduced the idea that all men possess natural rights to liberty, life and property.
an economy's ability to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners.
Comparative advantage
Effects of the Renaissance (give three):
A more rational approach to knowledge
The quick spread of Humanist ideas
The High Renaissance
Humanist themes on literature
The rise of the middle class
The fracturing of Christianity
World trade and colonization
Empiricism as means of obtaining knowledge
In Boyle's law, how do you characterize the relationship of pressure and volume?
Inversely proportional:
less pressure = more volume; more pressure = less volume
What was the main characteristic in the concept of equality in Enlightenment-era Europe?
Rousseau believed that white men were inherently superior, and saw groups such as women, ethnic minorities, and enslaved people as inferior.
Characteristics of Mercantilism (give three):
Static Wealth
Increasing gold supply
Use of colonies to support wealth
Protectionism
A Large Population
Maintaining Trade Surplus