DNA
mRNA
Transcription
Translation
Things that Start with A
100

Chargaff's rule says that ____ pairs with T and _____ pairs with G.

A, C

100

U stands for...

Uracil

100

Transcription turns ___________ into _________.

DNA, mRNA

100

The amino acid carrier molecule and the molecule that does the translation

tRNA, ribosome

100

What the "A" stands for in DNA and RNA.

Acid

200

The weakest bond in DNA

Hydrogen

200

The number of strands in mRNA

1

200

Where transcription takes place in eukaryotes

The nucleus

200

The type of covalent bond between amino acids.

peptide

200

Thymine and Uracil both pair with ____________.

Adenine

300

The type of sugar in DNA

deoxyribose
300

RNA is made up of repeating nucleotides. This makes it a ______________.

Nucleic Acid

300

Transcription always reads the _________ strand of DNA, which goes from __' to ___'.

template strand; 3' to 5'

300

Outline the steps of translation

  • The ribosome (small and large subunits) assembles on the mRNA, usually at the start codon (AUG).
  • tRNA carrying the first amino acid (methionine) binds to the start codon.
  • The ribosome moves along the mRNA, one codon at a time. 
  • tRNA molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, bind to the ribosome and match their anticodon to the mRNA codon. 
  • Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids, adding them to the growing polypeptide chain. 
  • The ribosome continues to move along the mRNA, bringing in new tRNAs and adding more amino acids to the chain. 
  • When the ribosome encounters a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), the translation process stops.
  • The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide and the mRNA.
300

The term for DNA's backbone running 5' -> 3' on one side and 3' -> 5' on the other.

Antiparallel

400

The scientist that took the x-ray crystallography photo that showed DNA was a double-helix

Rosalind Franklin

400

The type of sugar in mRNA

ribose

400

If the DNA coding strand is ATG GGC TTA CCG, the the mRNA will be:

AUG GGC UUA CCG

400
Outline how a mutation in the hemoglobin gene leads to sickle cell anemia

The mutation causes a different amino acid to be used in the hemoglobin protein. This causes hemoglobin to fold incorrectly, causing the red blood cell to be full of rods of hemoglobin. This makes the red blood cell sticky and misshapen, causing clots in the blood vessels.

400

The building block of proteins.

Amino Acids

500

This is the structure of a nucleotide


500

Where RNA would be made in prokaryotes

The cytoplasm (they do not have a nucleus)

500

If the mRNA sequence is AUGAACGGUAC, then the coding strand of the DNA must have been...

ATGAACGGTAC

500

Translate this template strand of DNA into a polypeptide:

TAC CCT GAT ATT CCC

Met - Gly - Leu - STOP

Notes:

- no amino acid after STOP

- DNA coding strand: ATG GGA CTA TAA GGG)

- mRNA: AUG GGA CUA UAA GGG)

500

3 nucleotides on tRNA

anti-codon

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