DNA
mRNA
Transcription
Translation
Things that Start with A
100
Chargaff's rule says that ____ pairs with T and _____ pairs with G.
A, C
100
U stands for...
Uracil
100
Transcription turns ___________ into _________.
DNA, mRNA
100
The amino acid carrier molecule and the molecule that does the translation
tRNA, ribosome
100
What the "A" stands for in DNA and RNA.
Acid
200
The weakest bond in DNA
Hydrogen
200
The number of strands in mRNA
1
200
Where transcription takes place in eukaryotes
The nucleus
200
The type of covalent bond between amino acids.
peptide
200
Thymine and Uracil both pair with ____________.
Adenine
300
The type of sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
300
RNA is made up of repeating nucleotides. This makes it a ______________.
Nucleic Acid
300
Transcription always reads the _________ strand of DNA, which goes from __' to ___'.
template strand; 3' to 5'
300
Outline the steps of translation
- The ribosome (small and large subunits) assembles on the mRNA, usually at the start codon (AUG).
- tRNA carrying the first amino acid (methionine) binds to the start codon.
- The ribosome moves along the mRNA, one codon at a time.
- tRNA molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, bind to the ribosome and match their anticodon to the mRNA codon.
- Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids, adding them to the growing polypeptide chain.
- The ribosome continues to move along the mRNA, bringing in new tRNAs and adding more amino acids to the chain.
- When the ribosome encounters a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), the translation process stops.
- The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide and the mRNA.
300
The term for DNA's backbone running 5' -> 3' on one side and 3' -> 5' on the other.
Antiparallel
400
The scientist that took the x-ray crystallography photo that showed DNA was a double-helix
Rosalind Franklin
400
The type of sugar in mRNA
ribose
400
If the DNA coding strand is ATG GGC TTA CCG, the the mRNA will be:
AUG GGC UUA CCG
400
Outline how a mutation in the hemoglobin gene leads to sickle cell anemia
The mutation causes a different amino acid to be used in the hemoglobin protein. This causes hemoglobin to fold incorrectly, causing the red blood cell to be full of rods of hemoglobin. This makes the red blood cell sticky and misshapen, causing clots in the blood vessels.
400
The building block of proteins.
Amino Acids
500
This is the structure of a nucleotide
500
Where RNA would be made in prokaryotes
The cytoplasm (they do not have a nucleus)
500
If the mRNA sequence is AUGAACGGUAC, then the coding strand of the DNA must have been...
ATGAACGGTAC
500
Translate this template strand of DNA into a polypeptide:
TAC CCT GAT ATT CCC
Met - Gly - Leu - STOP
Notes:
- no amino acid after STOP
- DNA coding strand: ATG GGA CTA TAA GGG)
- mRNA: AUG GGA CUA UAA GGG)
500
3 nucleotides on tRNA
anti-codon