Nephrology 1
Acid-base disorder associated with elevated PCO2
Respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis
ATN FENa
>1%-2%
Goal BP for most adult patients
<130/80 mm Hg
Treatment of struvite stone
Removal
Initial manifestation of DKD
Albuminuria
Acute respiratory acidosis compensation
1 mEq ↑ HCO3 for each 10 mm Hg ↑ Pco2
Prerenal AKI FENa
<1%
BP normal in doctor's office, elevated otherwise
Masked hypertension
Urine pH associated with struvite stones
>7.5
Recommended screening test for DKD
Urine albumin-creatinine ratio
Treatment of acute symptomatic hyponatremia
100 mL of 3% saline
Implication of glucosuria with no hyperglycemia
Proximal tubular dysfunction
Diagnostic test for white coat hypertension
Ambulatory or home BP monitoring
Urinalysis finding in ethylene glycol toxicity
Calcium oxalate crystals
When to initiate screening for DKD in T1DM
5 years after diagnosis
Rate of correction for chronic isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
4-6 mEq/L in 24 h
Skin findings of AKI-related atheroemboli
Livedo reticularis, blue toes, ulcerations
Vascular diagnosis associated with abrupt hypertension in women aged <35 years
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Imaging test for suspected nephrolithiasis in patients with negative ultrasound
Noncontrast helical CT
eGFR threshold for kidney transplant evaluation
15-20 mL/min/1.73 m2
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, positive urine anion gap, hyperkalemia, urine pH <5.5
Type 4 (hyperkalemic distal) RTA
Diagnosis characterized by ESLD with portal hypertension, oliguric kidney failure, bland urine, low urine sodium
Hepatorenal syndrome
KDIGO BP target for patients with CKD
SBP <120 mm Hg
Recommended urine output to prevent recurrent stones
>2.5 L/24 h
Recommended equation to estimate GFR for most persons
2021 CKD-EPI creatinine equation